AGRICULTURE

Geography
Chapter 5

Grade 10
 AGRICULTURE

• MEANING: Agriculture means

ploughing of the land, sowing
seeds protecting plants and
obtaining crops for the use of
people and domestic animals.
 T Y P E S O F A G R IC U L T U R E

S U B S IS T E N C E : C O M M E R C IA L M IX E D P L A N T A T IO N
S H IF T IN G
SEDENTARY
 SUBSISTENCE FARMING
• The production in this type of farming is mainly
used for domestic consumption. If there is excess,
it is sold to the local market. The two types of
subsistence farming are: Shifting & Sedentary.
• In shifting type, the trees are felled and land is
leveled for farming. Once the land looses fertility,
place is shifted.
• In sedentary type, the place is permanent and
traditional method is followed.
SHIFTING
CULTIVATION
SEDENTARY
FARMING
 COMMERCIAL FARMING
• Production of crops and rearing of cattles mainly
for the purpose of selling in the market.
• Generally in large scale and the means of
production like land, labour and capital involved
is comparatively large.
• It depends on the quality of soil, other
geographical conditions and machineries used.
COMMERCIAL
FARMING
 MIXED FARMING
• Raising of crops, rearing of cattle, poultry, bee
keeping, sericulture other cottage industries etc.,
• The characteristics of this farming are: growing of
wide variety of crops, use scientific methods and
requirement of sufficient capital.
• This type of farming is done in both small scale
and large scale throughout India.
MIXED
FARMING
 PLANTATION FARMING
• Bush and tree cropping in the forests, on hill
slopes are known as plantation farming.
• Both edible and non-edible crops are grown.
• Europeans introduced these plantations in India.
• Beverage crops like tea, coffee & cocoa. Other
edible crops like betel leaves, betel nuts, fruits &
spices. Other non-edible crops like rubber &
timber.
RUBBER
PLANTATION
VANILA
PLANTATION
AGRICULTURAL SEASONS

A g r ic u lt u r a l S e a s o n s

K h a r if R abi Z a id
 KHARIF SEASON
• It begins with the onset of the
South-West Monsoons.
• The important crops of this season
are paddy, ragi, jowar, maize,
cotton, jute, oil-seeds and pulses
 RABI SEASON
• The post Monsoon season is the
Rabi season. It depends mostly on
sub-soil moisture and irrigation.
The major crops of this season are
cotton, wheat, barley, pulses, oil-
seeds, tobacco etc.,
 ZAID SEASON
• This season is between Kharif and
Rabi seasons.
• The summer crops like
watermelon, cucumber,
muskmelon grow during this
season.
 MAJOR CROPS OF INDIA

M aj o r crops

F ood crops C om m erci a l C rops Li v e S t o ck poul t r y S eri c ul t u re

 FOOD CROPS
• Paddy • Bajra
• Wheat • Maize
• Jowar • Pulses
• Ragi
PADDY
WHEAT
MAIZE
 COMMERCIAL CROPS
• Sugar cane • Jute
• Tea • Tobacco
• Coffee • Oil Seeds
• Cocoa • Spices
• Cotton • Rubber
SUGAR CANE
JUTE CULTIVATION
COFFEE
PLANTATION
TEA
PLANTATION
COTTON
CULTIVATION
TOBACCO
PLANTATION
 LIVE STOCK

• Cattle • Milk
rearing for: • Meat
• Leather
LIVESTOCK
 POULTRY

• Chicken • Egg
farms for: • Meat
POULTRY
FARMING
 SERICULTURE

• Silk worm • Silk yarn

farming for: production.
• Types:
• Eri, Muga,
Tussar &
Mulberry
SERICULTURE
SILK COCOONS
FINAL PRODUCT –
SILK SAREE
THANK YOU