FABTECH TECHNICAL CAMPUS,

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH,

SANGOLA
A SEMINAR ON

NEED OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

BY
Mr. BALASAHEB P . DOLTADE (Roll No.05)
Mr. RAJENDRA M. DUBAL (Roll No.06)

WATER- The Source of

Life
All the water that will ever be is, right now.
-National
Geographic
If there is magic on this planet, it is
contained in water - LORAN EISELY
Water has become a highly precious
resource. There are some places where a
barrel of water costs more than a barrel of
oil.
- Lloyd
Axworthy

Scarcity of Water.
Most part of Maharashtra is drought prone.
Maharashtra, had witnessed 3,400 farmers'
deaths every year over the past decade.
According to sources, around 16 lakh hectares
of crop has got damaged in the recent calamity
with losses crossing over Rs 5,000 crore.

Scarcity of Water.

Scarcity of Water.

Scarcity of Water.

Is there a
Solution?
WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT
is the solution to one and all.
7

WHAT IS WATERSHED?
A watershed is a basin like landform defined by
peaks

which

are

connected

by

ridges

that

descend into lower elevations and small valleys.

It carries rainwater falling on it drop by drop and
channels it into soil, rivulets and streams flowing
into large rivers and in due course sea.
It is a synonym of catchment or basin of a river
coined for an area restricted to 2000sq. Km.
8

CHARACTERISTICS OF
WATERSHEDS
SIZE: It helps in computing parameters like precipitation
received, retained, drained off.
SHAPE: Different shapes based on morphological
parameters like geology and structure, eg. pear, elongated
etc.
PHISIOGRAPHY: Lands altitude and physical disposition.
SLOPE: It controls the rainfall distribution and movement:
CLIMATE: It decides the quantitative approach.
DRAINAGE: It determines the flow characteristics and so
the erosion behavior.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
WATERSHEDS
VEGETATION: Information of species gives a sure
ground for selection plants and crops.
GEOLOGY AND SOILS: Their nature determines size,
shape, physiographic, drainage and groundwater
conditions. Soils, derivative of rocks are the basic to
greenery
HYDROLOGY: Basic to final goal of growing greenery in a
watershed. It helps in quantification of water available.
HYDROGEOLOGY: Availability of groundwater.
SOCIOECONOMICS: Statistics on people and their
health, hygiene, wants and wishes are important in
managing water.
10

ADVANTAGES OF
WATERSHED APPROACH
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
SAVES TIME AND MONEY
GREATER PEOPLES PARTICIPATION

11

WATERSHEDSHED
MANAGEMENT
It involves management of land, water,
energy and greenery integrating all the
relevant approaches appropriate to
socioeconomic
background
for
a
pragmatic development of a watershed
Greening of the watershed through
proper management of land water and
energy resource.

12

The objectives of watershed

management
Conserving soil and water
Improving the ability of land to hold water
Rainwater harvesting and recharging
Growing greenery trees, crops and
grasses

13

Soil Conservation
Techniques
Contour
Gully control
Green carpeting

14

contour

gully

contour

Green carpeting

15

Rainwater harvesting and

recharging
Capturing runoff from rooftops
Capturing runoff from local catchments
Capturing seasonal floodwaters from
local streams
Conserving water through watershed
management
16

Components of Rainwater
Harvesting
Catchments
Coarse mesh
Conduits
Storage facility

17

Rainwater Harvesting in A
House

18

Rainwater Harvesting in A
House

19

Rain water harvesting in a

village

20

Rain Water Harvesting in A

Village

21

Rain Water Harvesting in A

Village

22

Rain Water Harvesting in A

Village

23

Rain Water Recharging

24

Rainwater Harvesting
Through Recharge Well

25

These techniques can serve the

following purposes:

Provide drinking water

Provide irrigation water
Increase groundwater recharge
Reduce storm water discharges,
urban floods and overloading of
sewage treatment plants
Reduce seawater ingress in coastal
areas.
26

How much water can be

harvested?
Urban scenario
Water harvesting potential = Rainfall (mm) x Collection efficiency

Area of plot = 100 sq. m.

Height of the rainfall = 0.6 m (600 mm )
Volume of rainfall over the plot = Area of plot x height of
rainfall
Assuming that only 60 per cent of the total rainfall is
effectively harvested
Volume of water harvested = 36,000 litres (60,000 litres x 0.6)
This volume is about twice the annual drinking water
requirement of a 5-member family. The average daily drinking
water requirement per person is 10 litres.

27

Rural Scenario

India's average rainfall is about 1170 mm.

An average indian village needs 1.12 hectares of land to capture

6.57 million litres of water

India's total land area is over 300 million hectares. Let us assume
that India's 587,000 villages can harvest the runoff from 200 million
hectares of land, excluding inaccessible forest areas, high mountains
and other uninhabited terrains, that still gives every village on
average access to 340 hectares or a rainfall endowment of 3.75
billion litres of water.
These calculations show the potential of rainwater harvesting is
enormous and undeniable.
28

Greenery
Dry land agriculture
Irrigation
Forestry
Horticulture

29

Integrated multidisciplinary
approach
Protect natural resources
Attain good yields
Coordinate the man power with
limited funds
Community participation

30

METAMORPHOSIS OF RALEGAN

INITIATED BY ANNA HAZARE.

RAPPORT BUILDING
AMONG ELDERS AND YOUTH.

LIQUOR VENDS GOT SHUT

DOWN AND
NOW RALEGAN IS PRODUCING
MILK IN PLENTTY.
WATERSHED REFORMS

PRESENT SCENARIO :Recharge the ground water to

6.5meter depth through out the year
Agricultural production went up from
294.3tonnes in 1975-76 to
1386.2tonnes in 1985-86.
4.7 fold increase in quantity, 9 fold
increase in value.
Average yield per hact. Of cropped
area increase 19 times.

Contd.
Income from agriculture increased from
Rs3,45,910 to Rs.31,72,678 peer annum.
Milk yield increased from 300ltr. To 4000
ltr. In 2002
Per capita increase from Rs.271 to
Rs.2257.
Best health indicator
provision of safe drinking water
34

Contd
Supply of water for industries.
Removal of caste barriers and
promoting social cohesiveness.

35

STRATERGIES FOLLOWED

Trapping rain water

Repairing the percolation tank

Horticulture development
&
Drip irrigation.
36

 Restriction on cultivation of water

intense
crop.

Cash crop production was

emphasized.
Lift irrigation & establishment of
water cooperatives.

4 lakh trees were planted.

37

Watershed development

State agriculture department selected Ralegan

Siddhi in 1982-83 for implementing this plan.
47 check dams were built in 4 micro watershed
areas.
Total water storage capacity is 300 cubic
meters approx.
A canal of 3 kms long, 10 to 12 meter wide
38
and 2 to 3 meters deep constructed.

 In-situ water conservation

Across the gullies of hill-slop, brushwood dams are constructed.

Loose boulders structures are also constructed across gullies.

Staggered trenched are dug on the slope of watershed.

At bottom of the slope, continuous contour trench is dug.

Ex-situ water conservation

Some 19 types of check dams are prepared to collect water

39
throughout the canal in many places.

 Krishna lift irrigation project Lifts up water from Kukdi canal 3 km away from
Ralegan Siddhi and irrigates 350 acres of 80
farmers.

Water co-operatives

The Padmavathi, Santa Yadav Baba, Goutama,

Santa Janeshwar, Santa Tukaram and Krishna
40
Water co-operative society.

 Water rationing

The water is distributed calculating the quantity of

water flow in hour/field/day or as so many days/week. A
member of WCS has to pay approx. Rs.800 to
900/acre/year.

Drinking water Also distributed through the WCS.

Ban on grazing and tree felling.

41

Contribution towards the water

shed development program
48.43 % by people of Ralegan siddhi.
44.83 by the Jalsansadhan department.
6.74 by the Rural development
department.

42

Future Perspective :
Possibility to rebuild natural
capital.
Increase of use of nonconventional energy.
Promoting self sufficiency in
villagers.
43

44