Pump classification

Hydrodynamic (or) nonpositive displacement

pumps
Hydrostatic (or) positive
displacement pumps

HYDRODYNAMIC PUMPS
Carries fluid from one location to another,
relatively at low pressure (17-21 bar).
Generally used for low pressure, highvolume, flow applications.
These pumps are not self-priming, as there
is a great deal of clearance between the
rotating and stationary elements.
Cannot create enough vacuum at its inlet,
hence discharge rate is low.
Examples..
a) Centrifugal pumps
b) Axial flow propeller pump.
These pumps are called as non-positive
displacement pumps.

Hydrostatic pumps
Hydrostatic pumps uses fluid pressure to
transmit power.
These pumps have very close-fitting
mating components and hence a very
small amount of leakage could occur.
These pumps may be either..
a) Fixed displacement
b) Variable displacement
These pumps requires protection against
over pressure if the resistance to flow
becomes very large or infinite, so pressure
relief valve is provided.
It is also called as positive displacement
pumps.

CLASSIFICATION OF PDP
GEAR
PUMP
S

VANE
PUMP
S

PISTON
PUMPS

EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

APPLICATION
Common external gear pump
applications include, but are not limited
to:
Various fuel oils and lube oils
Chemical additive and polymer
metering
Chemical mixing and blending
(double pump)
Industrial and mobile hydraulic
applications (log splitters, lifts, etc.)
Acids and caustic (stainless steel or

INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

APPLICATION
Common internal gear pump applications
include, but are not limited to:
All varieties of fuel oil and lube oil
Resins and Polymers
Alcohols and solvents
Asphalt, Bitumen, and Tar
Polyurethane foam (Isocyanate and polyol)
Food products such as corn syrup,
chocolate, and peanut butter
Paint, inks, and pigments
Soaps and surfactants
Glycol

LOBE PUMP

APPLICATION
Common rotary lobe pump applications
include, but are not limited to:
Polymers
Paper coatings
Soaps and surfactants
Paints and dyes
Rubber and adhesives
Pharmaceuticals
Food applications

GEROTOR PUMP

SCREW PUMP

APPLICATIONS OF PDP
PD pumps are found in a wide range of
application
chemical-processing
liquid delivery
marine
biotechnology
pharmaceutical
as well as food, dairy, and beverage
processing.
Their versatility and popularity is due in
part to their relatively compact design, highviscosity performance, continuous flow
regardless of differential pressure, and

VANE PUMPS

APPLICATION
Aerosol and Propellants
Aviation Service - Fuel Transfer,
Deicing
Auto Industry - Fuels, Lubes,
Refrigeration Coolants
Bulk Transfer of LPG and NH3
LPG Cylinder Filling
Alcohols
Refrigeration - Freons, Ammonia
Solvents
Aqueous solutions

AXIAL PISTON PUMP

RADIAL PISTON PUMP

Centrifugal pump

Submersible pump

CHARACTERISTICS OF
PUMPS

NON-POSITIVE

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

provide a smooth, continuous

flow

pulse with each stroke or each

time a pumping chamber
opens to an outlet port.

Pressure can reduce a non

positive pump's delivery. High
outlet pressure can stop any
output; the liquid simply
recirculates inside the pump

In a positive-displacement
pump, pressure affects the
output only to the extent that
it increases internal leakage

It is not self priming

It is a self-priming

DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

PUMPS

PERFORMANCE OF

Pumps are usually rated according to their

PUMP

volumetric output and pressure.

Volumetric output (delivery rate or capacity) is the
amount of liquid that a pump can deliver at its outlet
port per unit of time at a given drive speed, usually
expressed in GPM or cubic inches per minute.
Pumps are sometimes rated according to
displacement, that is the amount of liquid that they
can deliver per cycle or cubic inches per revolution.
As pressure increases, volumetric output decreases.
This drop in output is caused by an increase in
internal leakage (slippage) from a pump's outlet side
to its inlet side
Slippage is a measure of a pump's efficiency and
usually is expressed in percent.

PUMP EFFICIENCIES
Volumetric Efficiency:
= Actual flow rate
=
Qa
Theoretical flow rate
Qt
Gear pumps = 80-90 %
Vane pumps = 82-92 %
Piston pumps = 90-98 %
Mechanical Efficiency:
= Output power = Po
Input power
Pi
Mechanical efficiency varies from 90 to 95 %
Overall Efficiency:
= Actual power delivered by the pump
=
Hydraulic power
Actual power delivered to the pump
Brake power

REFFRENCE
1. WWW.PUMPSSCHOOL.COM
2. APPLIED HYDRAULICS AND
PNEUMATICS By T.Sunder
Selwyn, R.Jayendiran
3. www.authorstreem.com.