Disperse Dyes

Disperse Dyes
The term disperse dye have been applied to the
organic colouring substances which are free from
ionizing groups, are of low water solubility and
are suitable fordyeing hydrophobic fibres.

Disperse dyesare the only water insoluble dyes

that dye polyester and acetate fibers. Disperse
dye molecules are the smallest dye molecules
among all dyes.

 Disperse dyes are used for dyeing man made

cellulose ester and synthetic fibres specially
acetate and polyester fibres and sometimes nylon
and acrylic fibres.
Carrier or dispersing agents are required for
dyeing with disperse dyes.
Disperse dyes have fair to good light fastness
with rating about 4-5.

 MECHANISM OF DISPERSE
DYE
Wander Walls Forces.
High affinity for Fibers.
Attraction between Fiber Surface and the
Dye Molecule.

STRUCTURE

 SOLUBILITY
Non-Soluble in Water.

CHARGEABILITY

Neutral Charge.
Penetrate Because of Transition State of Synthetic Fibers

ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOUR
Non-Environmental Friendly.
Human effect dyeing method.

 FASTNESS PROPERTIES
Washing :Good .
Lightening :Good .
Crocking :Good .
Gas Fume Fade :Average .

APPLIANCES

They are Applied to Synthetic Fibers such as

Acetate, Triacetate, Polyester, Nylon and Acrylic.

 COLOUR RANGE
Wide Range of Colors.
Bright and Lighter Shades.
Major Colors:Pale Yellow and Blue.

COST
Cheapmethod for dyeing process.

Other agents used in

Polyester dyeing

Dispersing Agent

It increases the solubility of the dye in water .

It helps to increase the rate of the dye exhaustion

Leveling Agent

Leveling agents hold the rate of the dyeing and

helps to get uniform dyeing.

Buffer
These agents protect the dye from reduction in
high temperature bath .

The Methods Can Be Employed In The

Dyeing Of Polyester

High temperature dyeing process

Thermosol process.

High Temperature Dyeing Proces

High temperature dyeing of polyester can be done i

eam Dyeing machines , Jet dyeing machines
nd Pressure Jiggers .

This method dye applied under pressure at

temperature of about 130`c .
Heating help to swell the highly compact
polyester polymer and make available
more space for the dye molecule to enter
in to the amorphous region of the fiber .

yeing Of Polyester Fabric With Disperse Dyes B

High Temperature Exhaust Method
Procedure :
Prepare The Dye Bath Using The Recipe Below

M:L:R
Ammonium Sulphate
Dispersing Agent

1:30 to 1:40
2g/l
0.5g/l

The Sample Using The Following Dyeing

Dyeing With Disperse Dye

( High Temperature Exhaust Method )

t the dye bath is made with the dye , dispersing agent and
e temperature is raised to 60`C .

t , Formic acid and Ammonium-Sulphate added till the pH is

dyeing should be continued and the temperature is raised t

0`C over period of 45 min.

en temperature reaches 130`C dyeing is done for 1 hour .

Rinsed the sample with cold water .

oval the disperse dye on the surface of the fabric by

ng Caustic Soda and Sodium Hydrosulphite and rinsed , Neut
sample.

Thermolsol Process

This process is suitable for mixed fabric of

Poly-Cotton or Poly-Wool .
The thermo-sol dyeing process is consists of the
following stages .
Padding

Drying

Thermofixing
After Treatment

 Padding

e Padding Carried Out At 30 - 40`C With

Following Ingredients

Dispensing Agent
Water
Disperse dye
Acetic Acid ( pH 6 7 )
Wetting Agent
Neutral alginate thickener

Thermosol Process
After padding the cloth with the dye and the other
dried .

Next stage is fixation of the disperse dye , the cloth is pass

through a hot air pin stenter for 60 second at 190 210 `C
After heat treatment the cloth washed .

Thank
You
Ranasinghe

Ashan

Gayan
Weerasinghe