Radio Network Dimensioning

MODULE 2

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Module Objectives
At the end of this module the participant will be able to:
Describe the process flow of the radio network planning
Explain the relevance of system dimensioning, coverage and
capacity planning and optimisation in the process flow
Understand the differences between 2G and 3G network planning
List the input parameters for dimensioning

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Subsystems of Nokia 3G
Network
Uu

UE

RAN

Iu

CN
O&M

UE
RAN
CN
NetAct

NOKIA

=
=
=
=

User Equipment
Radio Access Network
Core Network
Network Management

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

NetAct

WCDMA Network Architecture

Interne
t
TCP/IP)

GPRS
GSM/WCDMA
mobile

3G
SGSN

RAN

RNC

Circuit Switched
Core Network

GGSN

SRR

PS Core Network

USIM
card GSM/WCDMA WCDMA
BTS
mobile

HLR
MSC
MGW

WCDMA
BTS

RNC

WCDM
A
mobile
4

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

CBC

(PSTN/ISDN)
IN SCP

Example: What affects performance in

WCDMA

support of 3GPP QoSparameters and mechanisms

in UE

internal processing/queuing
delays.

UE support of different CHtypes

internal delays in WAPgateways/httpproxies/servers/etc.

application server capacity

3GPP QoS-support
protocol processing and
packet core capacity
transmission delays, 3GPP QoS configuration of RT traffic limits
geographical location [e.g. localized
internal delays generated
Iu-transmission resource
support

UDP vs. TCP

by UE
configuration of interactive queue weights content caching vs. centralized serv
dimensioning, topology/distances
supported HTTP/WAP-version
UEsupported
HTTP/WAP-version
memory [effects
TCP
used HLR QoS-profiles
kbps]
support of optimization features
support of optimization features

3G-SGSN

IP/MPLS/IPoATM-backbone
GGSN

RNC

internal BTS-delays
interleaving/propagation
delays
site locations,

RNC internal delays, 3GPP QoSsupport

RNC capacity

internal processing/queuing and

L1 delays

HO thresholds

memories/buffer sizes [TCP-effect]

transmission/router capacity

Application
Servers
(co-located
or remote)

cell's traffic load thresholds

geographical locations/distance, number of hop

antenna directions/height/quality interference/transmission power thresholds
cable length/quality

used packet scheduling criteria

BTS-capacity

used RLC buffer payload thresholds [TCP-effect]

used DCH bit rate allocation steps
allocation of dedicated NRT-capacity

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

= terminal/NW element HW and

SW effects
= application software effects
= network
planning/dimensioning effects

Scope of 3G network planning

Packet Switched Core

7

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Network planning process &

relation to business planning
Network
dimensioning

transmission
plan

marketing

business
plan
coverage
plan
traffic
assumptions
Code & freq. &
interference plan
final NW
topology/
architecture

NOKIA

Network
optimization

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

parameter
planning

New issues in WCDMA planning

process
DEFINITION

Coverage and capacity

coupling
IMPLEMENTATION

Network
Configuration
and
Dimensioning

Coverage
Planning and
Site Selection

Requirements
and strategy
for coverage,
quality and
capacity,

Propagation
measurements
Coverage
prediction

per service

Site
acquisition
Coverage
optimisation

Capacity Requirements
Traffic distribution

Service distribution

Allowed blocking/queuing
System features

Multiple services

External Interference
Analysis
Identification
Adaptation

Multiple services

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

O&M
Parameter
Planning

Network
Optimisation

Area / Cell
specific

Survey
measurements

Handover
strategies

Statistical
performance
analysis

Maximum
network
loading
Other RRM

Quality
Efficiency
Availability

Radio Network Dimensioning

Overview

COVERAGE
COVERAGE

CAPACITY
CAPACITY

COMPROMISE
COMPROMISEBETWEEN
BETWEENCOVERAGE
COVERAGEAND
ANDCAPACITY
CAPACITY

10

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Dimensioning Process
Description

Evaluate cell range using max

system load and link budget for
user at the cell edge
Coverage limited max.
cell range for specified
max system load
Compute cell loading
from traffic profile and
cell range

Decrease
Add Carrier/
max system
Decrease cell
load
radius
Greater Capacit
Less
Coverag
than
than
y
e
Limited
Limited
Compare cell loading with the
maximum permissible system
load ?
Equal to
Cell range
known
11

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Coverage limited scenario

In this case the system loading is lower than

the level used initially to compute the cell
range. This means that the rise in interference
floor used in the link budget calculation was
pessimistic. To achieve a match between the
actual system loading and that used in the
link budget, the complete process is repeated
with a lower value of system loading. This will
lead to a lower increase in interference floor,
a greater cell range and thus more users in
each cell and a greater actual system loading.

The reduction in system loading used in the

link budget calculation is continued until it
matches the actual system loading computed
by the traffic profile. This then defines the
final cell range.

Dimensioning Process
Description
Capacity limited scenario
Evaluate cell range using max
system load and link budget for
user at the cell edge
Coverage limited max.
cell range for specified
max system load
Compute cell loading
from traffic profile and
cell range
Decrease
Add Carrier/
max system
Decrease cell
load
radius
Greater Capacit
CoveragLess
than
than
y
e
Limited
Limited
Compare cell loading with the
maximum permissible system
load ?
Equal to
Cell range
known
12

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

In this case the system loading is greater

than the level used initially to compute
the cell range. This means that either the
cell capacity must be increased or the cell
size decreased. The first option is to
increase the cell capacity by adding
additional carriers. If the system loading
remains above the maximum permissible
level then the cell range must be reduced
such that there are fewer users loading
the cell.

A reduction in cell range is made and the

system
loading
re-calculated.
The
reduction in cell range is done iteratively
until the actual system loading matches
the maximum permissible system loading.
This then defines the final cell range.

Coverage VS Capacity
Dimensioning:
Cell Breathing
[1/2]

This diagram shows

cells are unloaded

This diagram shows when

some cells are loaded

CellA
CellA

CellB
CellB

CellC

Cell
breathing

CellC

Results =>
Coverage Holes!

Coverage VS Capacity Dimensioning:

Fixed Uplink Load - To avoid Coverage
holes [2/2]
This diagram shows a
Fixed Uplink Load design

"actual"
Loading,

No (or minimum)

(ie from the

traffic
inputs
defined in
dimensioni
Cellng)

coverage holes problems

More cells required

CellB
CellA

CellB
CellC

eg. Actual UL
load = 8%

CellC
CellD

Cell-H

into account. (Note:

dimensioning assumes

CellF
CellE

Traffic mobility taken

uniform traffic
distribution)

CellG

eg. Fixed UL
load = 30%

Results => No or Min

Coverage Holes!

Input parameters overview

Input Categories
CAPACITY RELATED
CAPACITY RELATED

Spectrum Available
Spectrum Available
User Profile and Traffic
User Profile and Traffic
Growth Forecast
Growth Forecast
Traffic Density Map
Traffic Density Map

COVERAGE RELATED
COVERAGE RELATED

Coverage Regions
Coverage Regions
Area Type Information
Area Type Information

QUALITY RELATED
QUALITY RELATED
MS Class
MS Class

Indoor Coverage
Indoor Coverage
Location Probability
Location Probability
Blocking Probability
Blocking Probability

15

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Gives an Estimation of the

Equipment
Gives an Estimation
Necessary of
tothe
Meet
Equipment
Necessary
to
the Network RequirementsMeet
the Network Requirements
Network Dimensioning
Activities
Network Dimensioning
Activities
Radio Link Budget
Calculation
Radio Link Budget
Calculation
Cell Size Calculation
Cell Size Calculation
Capacity Calculation
Capacity Calculation
Transmission Network
Estimate
Transmission Network
Estimate

Capacity Related Input

The number of subscribers, user profile and spectrum available are
the main requirements for capacity dimensioning
Traffic forecast should be done by analysing the offered Busy Hour
traffic per subscriber for different service bit rates in each rollout
phase.
Traffic data:
Voice :
Erlang
Codec

RT

per subscriber during busy hour of the network

bit rate, Voice activity

data :

Erlang per subscriber

Service bit rates

NRT

data :

Average throughput
Target bit rates

during busy hour of the network

(kbps) subscriber during busy hour of the network

Asymmetry between UL and DL traffic for NRT Services

(Downloading 1/10) should be taken into consideration.
Network and Subscribers evolution forecast is also needed.
16

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Capacity Related Input - example

The
Thetraffic
trafficfigures
figuresare
arebroken
brokendown
downinto
intotraffic
trafficper
per
subscriber
subscriberand
andbusy
busyhour
hourfor
foreach
eachservice,
service,separately
separatelyfor
for
uplink
and
uplink
and
downlink
BH traffic/s
ub
s
DL downlink

Speech
switched data
simple messaging
mediummultimedia
Interactive multimedia

12,2 kbit/s
RT 14 kbit/s
NRT 144 kbit/s
NRT 384 kbit/s
RT 64 kbit/s

Low
asymmetry
22,383
0,390
0,004
0,102
0,028

Medium
asymmetry
22,383
0,390
0,007
0,137
0,142

17

NOKIA

mErl
mErl
kbit/s
kbit/s
mErl

Asymmetry

BH traffic/subs UL

Speech
switched data
simple messaging
mediummultimedia
interactive multimedia

High
asymmetry
22,383
0,390
0,010
0,246
0,427

12,2 kbit/s
RT 14 kbit/s
NRT 144 kbit/s
NRT 384 kbit/s
RT 64 kbit/s

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Low
asymmetry
22,383
0,390
0,004
0,003
0,028

Medium
asymmetry
22,383
0,390
0,007
0,004
0,142

High
asymmetry
22,383
mErl
0,390
mErl
0,010
kbit/s
0,006
kbit/s
0,427
mErl

Coverage Related Input-example

Area type information must be as accurate as possible:

coverage area for each rollout phase

percentage of the area for each morpho-class (DU,U,SU,R)
building penetration loss and fading margin
MorphoClass Build Pen Loss

Dense Urban
Urban
Sub Urban
Rural
Road

18 dB
15 dB
12 dB
10 dB

Stand Deviation

Car Loss

Stand Deviation

6 dB

7 dB

11 dB
10 dB
9 dB
9 dB

propagation models for path loss calculation

correction factors for the Propagation Model

Service Scenarios should be defined: which kind of service is

to be offered and where (big impact on the number of sites).

18

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Quality Related Input

The network dimensioning is focused on fulfilment of quality
expectations from user point of view. It means that resources should be
as efficient as demanding (QoS) service requirements in dimensioned
network.
Blocking Probability is blocking of call attempts due to lack of available
resources and for CS Services is usually between1-2%
In cellular networks the coverage areas of cells overlap and the mobile
station is able to connect to more than just one serving cell. If more than
one cell can be detected the location probability increases and is higher
than determined for single isolated cell. Location probability usually is
within the range 90 99%. It depends on environment, service and
customer requirements and has a big impact on the number of sites
probability density

Local
Localcoverage
coverageprobability:
probability:
PPcov (b,x)
= P [ F(x) > F
cov (b,x) = P [ F(x) > F
]
threshold
threshold]
19

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

F threshold

F median

(x)

received signal level [dBm

Nokia Radio Network Controller

Based on IPA2800 platform
RNC functionality
Radio Resource
Management
Telecom
Transmission and
transport
O&M
Interface to NetAct
User interface
Measurements and
statistics

20

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Nokia RNC Calculation

When dimensioning number of required RNCs, all
these factors need to be taken into account.
RN2.1

Note1: DCN connection at each RNC is limited to 256 connection

Note2: Node B support will increase to 512 with RN2.2 with capacity step 5
Note3: In case HSDPA is enabled: Iub Mbits/s, # BTS and carriers reduce
22

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

RNC dimensioning
The purpose of RNC dimensioning is to provide the number of
RNCs needed to support the estimated traffic
Main limitations that should be taken in to account :

23

maximum number of cells

maximum number of base stations
maximum Iub throughput
amount and type of interfaces

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Input to RNC Dimensioning

All input from step1,2,3
Total user traffic in RNC

From configuration setting

Voice CHs

CS-data CHs

PS-data CHs

+ Protocol OH

+ Protocol OH

+ Protocol OH

Iu-CS
AAL2 UP VC

Iur
AAL2 UP VC

Iub
AAL2 UP VC

RNC Connectivity Capacity

RNC Throughput Capacity

Calculate RNC Load

Check number of NodeB
Check number of Carriers

25

NOKIA

Output: RNC load (Iterative Process)

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

What is the meaning of

Throughput?
ATM OH added at
NIU

ATM OH stripped off at

the Interface unit of
RNC

RNC

Node B
ATM Transmission Medium

The RNC throughput capacity figures present the capacity of

the DMCUs (Data and Macro Diversity Unit) in the RNC.
Before the traffic is processed in the DMCUs the AAL2 and ATM
OHs are removed and therefore they are not included in
calculations.
Only user plane is considered. Not DCN and signaling.
Frame protocol (FP), L2 layer (for PS) and SHO must be taken
into account.
26

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Nokia RNC Calculation Check-list

(RNC step 5)
Throughput
Capacity
196 Mbps

Number of
Carriers
1152 carriers

Number of DCN
(O&M)
256 interface for Iub
28

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Connectivity
Capacity
1000 Mbps

Number of
NodeB
384 NodeB

Number of
Interface

16 STM-1
192 E1/JT1

RNC Dimensioning - example

RNCNo. MAX (

29

NOKIA

Filling ratio data

100%

Filling ratio TRX

100%

CSThroughp utRNC ( Kbps ) PSThroughp utRNC ( Kbps ) ; Tot .TRX ; Tot .E1

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

196000 *1

1152 *1

980

RAS05.1

RAS06

HSPA01

HSPA01.1

HSPA02

HSDPA

HSDPA

HSDPA
HSUPA

RAN05.1

RAN06

RN2.2
RAN

RAN

RAN1.5

RAN04

RAN05

RAN1.5.2
ED2

RN2.0

RN2.1
RAN

30

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

CS and PS services

We are here

RAS05

PS services

New RAN release names

Radio Bearers Examples Supported

for Multicall Combinations in RAN
RAS05
AMR 12.2 + NRT PS data 64, 128
2-3 NRT PS data
AMR 12.2 + 2-3 NRT PS data
Transparent CS data 64 + NRT PS data 8 1)
Non-transparent CS data 57.6 + NRT PS data
Non-transparent CS data 14.4 + NRT PS data
Streaming PS data + NRT PS data 8 1)
AMR 12.2 + streaming PS data + NRT PS data 8 1)
AMR 12.2 + NRT PS data 384
AMR = Conversational CS speech
Transparent CS data = Conversational CS data
Non-transparent CS data = Streaming CS data
NRT PS data = Interactive/Background PS data

31

1) Up to 3 NRT PS RABs supported (using the same

NOKIA
RB)

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN

Radio Bearers supported in RAS

releases
RAS05

RAS05.1

RAS06

AMR 12.2
Transparent CS data 64
Non-transparent CS data 14.4, 57.6
Interactive and background PS data 0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 384
(Cell_DCH)
Interactive and background PS data 0, 16 (UL), 32(DL) (Cell_FACH)
Streaming PS data 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 (DL)
NRT PS data 256 (DL)
WB- AMR codec set 12.65,
8.85, 6.6
NB-AMR
codec set 12.2, 7.95,
5.9, 4.75

AMR = Conversational CS speech

Transparent CS data = Conversational CS
data
Non-transparent CS data = Streaming CS
data
NRT PS data = Interactive/Background PS
data
32

NOKIA

Radio Network Dimensioning.PPT/10.04.2006 / NN