Japan

and
china

CHINA

CULTURE

Simplified Chinese:
;

Are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in

the Xiandai Hany Tongyong Zibiao (List of Commonly Used
Characters in Modern Chinese) for use in mainland China

Traditional Chinese:
;

Are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain
newly created characters or character substitutions performed after
1946. They are most commonly the characters in the standardized
character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong and Macau or in the Kangxi
Dictionary.

CULTURE
JAPAN

Culture of Japan
Has evolved greatly over the millennia, from
the country's prehistoric Jmon period, to
its contemporary hybrid culture, which
combines influences from Asia, Europe,
and North America. The inhabitants of
Japan experienced a long period of
relative isolation from the outside world
during the Tokugawa
shogunate after Japanese missions to
Imperia China, until the arrival of "The
Black Ships" and the Meiji period.

CHINA

RELIGION

Religions & Beliefs in China

China has been a multi-religion country since the
ancient times. It is well known that
Confucianism is an indigenous religion and is
the soul of Chinese culture, which enjoyed
popular support among people and even
became the guiding ideology for feudalism
society, but it did not develop into a national
belief.

Religions & Beliefs in China

According to a latest survey, 85% of Chinese

people have religious beliefs or had some
religious practices and only 15% of them are real
atheists. (The real atheists here refer to those who
do not have faith in any religions nor had any
activities related to religions or folk customs.) 185
million people believe in Buddhism and 33 million
have faith in Christianity and believes in the
existence of God. Only 12 million people are
Taoists, although more than one hundred million
have taken part in Taoism activities before.

Buddhism
Buddha Statues in Yungang Grottoes, Datong
Chinese Religion Pictures Being brought into China 2,000
years ago, it was gradually widely accepted by most
Chinese people and developed into three sections, namely
the Han, Tibetan and Southern Buddhism. Buddhism not
only brought a different religion, but also brought a different
culture.
Buddha Statues in Yungang
Grottoes, Datong

Confucianism
Confucianism, not a real religion, is just an ethical and
philosophical system, which developed from Confucius
thoughts and later was treated as a kind of belief to educate
common people. It obtained its stable position under the
reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (202BC-220AD), and
became the ideology of the society in the feudal system
since then.

Statue of Confucius

Taoism
Taoism, with more than 1,800 years history originated in
the Warring Period and came into being in Eastern Han
Dynasty (25 - 220). Now about 300 Taoist Temples are
scattered around China, in which about 30 thousand Taoists
lived in. Around 5 Taoist schools exist in the country and two
main sections are included in Taoism.

The Immortals Worshipped

by Taoism

Islam
Being introduced into China in the 7th century in
Tang Dynasty, Islam has more than 1,400 years
history in the country. Now, Muslims live
everywhere, but the highest concentrations are
Ningxia Hui Autonosmous Region, Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and even
Qinghai Province. Sunni Islam was the main
branch worshipped by almost all the Muslims in
the country.

Christianity in China

As one of the three most popular religions (together with Islam

and Buddhism) in the world, Christianity influences the belief and
life of over 30% of the worlds population. Based on the Old
Testament and New Testament, Christianity is a monotheistic
religion based on belief in Jesus Christ. Originating in the Middle
East, this religion abounded in Europe, and then gradually
migrated to Asia, America, Africa, etc.

RELIGION
JAPAN

Japanese religion

The Japanese religious tradition is made up of

several major components, including Shinto,
Japans earliest religion, Buddhism, and
Confucianism. Christianity has been only a
minor movement in Japan. However, the socalled new religions that arose in the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a
prominent feature of Japanese religious life
today.

Shinto
Shinto, or the way of the spirits or deities,

began to take form in Japans pre-historic

period before the sixth century C.E. In this
early phase, Shinto was the religion of a preliterate society that was organized around the
central social unit of the clan. Shinto deities
or kami were seen as permeating the natural
world.

Buddhism

Buddhism arose in India in the

sixth century B.C.E and, after passing through
China and Korea, arrived in Japan in the sixth
century C.E. As originally presented by the
historical Buddha, Buddhism was a path of
practice that an individual could take up to gain
release from suffering.

Confucianism

Like Buddhism, Confucianism also entered

Japan from Korea and China. The tradition was
founded in China by Confucius (551-479 B.C.E),
whose teachings were passed on to posterity by his
disciples in the Analects or Sayings of Confucius.
Having lived at a time of political unrest, Confucius
tried to lead his world back to peace and stability by
urging people to cultivate virtue.

Christianity and the New Religions

Two other noteworthy components of the Japanese
religious tradition are Christianity and the new
religions. Christianity entered Japan first in the
sixteenth century, when Catholicism was introduced in
1549. It gained few followers at the time, and the
Tokugawa family suppressed Christianity in the
seventeenth century. After the collapse of Tokugawa
control and the opening of Japan to the world in the
Meiji period (1868-1914), Christianity was again
introduced by Protestant missionaries.

CHINA

MUSIC

Music of China
Dates back to the dawn of Chinese
civilization with documents and
artifacts providing evidence of a welldeveloped musical culture as early as
the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BCE - 256
BCE). The earliest music of the Zhou
Dynasty recorded in ancient Chinese
texts includes the ritual music
called yayue and each piece may be
associated with a dance.

MUSIC
JAPAN

Music of Japan
This includes a wide array of
performers in distinct styles
both traditional, and modern. The
word for music in Japanese is, as is
the rest of the sinosphere,
(ongaku), combining the kanji
"on" (sound) with the kanji "gaku"
(enjoyment)

CHINA

VISUAL ARTS

Chinese art
Encompasses all facets of fine art, folk
art and performance art. Porcelain pottery was
one of the first forms of art in
the Palaeolithic period. Early Chinese music and
poetry was influenced by the Book of Songs, and
the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan.

Covered red jar

with dragon
and sea design from the
Jiajing period in the Ming
dynasty.

VISUAL ARTS
JAPAN

Japanese Painting
Painting has been an art in Japan for a very long
time: the brush is a traditional writing and
painting tool, and the extension of that to its
use as an artist's tool was probably natural.
The Great Wave at
Kanagawa
by Hokusai.

Japanese Calligraphy
The flowing, brush-drawn Japanese rendering of text
itself is seen as a traditional art form as well as a
means of conveying written information. The
written work can consist of phrases, poems,
stories, or even single characters.
Inscription on
the halo of the statue of
the Medicine Buddha,
Hry-ji Temple
Written in the 7th century

Sculpture
Traditional Japanese sculptures mainly consisted
of Buddhist images, such asTathagata, Bodhisattva,
and My-. The oldest sculpture in Japan is a wooden
statue of Amitbha at the Zenk-ji temple. In the Nara
period, Buddhist statues were made by the national
government to boost its prestige.

Guardian in
Todaiji,
Nara.

Ukiyo-e
"Shki zu"
Ukiyo-e, literally "pictures of the floating
by:that
world", is a genre of woodblock prints
Okumura
exemplifies the characteristics of Masanobu,
pre-Meiji
Japanese art.
1741-1751.
-An
example of
pillar print
format, 69.2
x 10.1 cm.

Performing arts

The four traditional theatres from Japan

are noh (or n),
kygen, kabuki, and bunraku. Noh had its origins
in the union of the sarugaku, with music and
dance made by Kanami andNoh
Zeam
Motokiyo.
play
at
traditional Noh theatre.

CHINA

CUISINE

Chinese cuisine
It includes styles originating from the diverse regions
of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts
of the world. The history of Chinese cuisine in China
stretches back for thousands of years and has changed
from period to period and in each region according to
climate, imperial fashions, and local preferences

Chao
fan or Chinese
fried rice

China's Regional Cuisines

China can be divided into many

geographical areas, and each area has a
distinct style of cooking. The ingredients used in the
food are based on the natural agricultural products
of the region.

8 Distinct Regional Cuisine

Chuan Cuisine

Cantonese Cuisine

Lu Cuisine

Min Cuisine

Su Cuisine

Xiang Cuisine

CUISINE
JAPAN

Cuisine of Japan
The traditional cuisine of Japan (washoku or
) is based on rice with miso soupand other
dishes, with an emphasis on seasonal
ingredients. The side dishes often consist of
fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables
cooked in broth. apanese cuisine, particularly
sushi, has now become popular throughout the
world. As of 2011, Japan overtook France in
number of Michelin starred restaurants and
has maintained the title ever since.

Cuisine of Japan

Once known in the west either in the form of

"sukiyaki" or the more exotic "sushi," Japanese
cuisine has in recent years become much more
familiar and appreciated around the world. Many
visitors to Japan will have already sampled the
pleasures of raw fish or batter-fried shrimp. But
few first-time visitors to Japan are prepared for the
variety and sumptuousness of Japanese food, as
it is traditionally prepared. Eating in Japan is an
experience to be enjoyed and remembered fondly
for the rest of your life.

A
Japanese teishoku meal
includingtempura, sashi
mi, and miso soup.

Breakfast at a ryokan
(Japanese inn), featuring
grilled mackerel, Kansai
style dashimaki egg, tofu
in kaminabe(paper pot)

Sukiyaki is prepared right

at the table by cooking
thinly sliced beef together
with vegetables, tofu and
vermicelli.

Tempura is food deep-fried

in vegetable oil after being
coated with a mixture of
egg, water and wheat flour.
Among the ingredients
used are prawns, fish in
season and vegetables.

Sushi is a small piece of raw

seafood placed on a ball of
vinegared rice. The most
common ingredients are tuna,
squid and prawns. Cucumber,
pickled radish and sweet egg
omelet are also served.

Sashimi is sliced raw fish eaten

with soy sauce.

Kaiseki ryori is regarded as

Japan's most exquisite culinary
refinement. Consisting mainly of
vegetables and fish with a
seasoning base of seaweed and
mushrooms, the dishes are
characterized by their refined
savor.
Yakitori is made up of small
pieces of chicken meat, liver
and vegetables skewered on a
bamboo stick and grilled over
hot coals.

Tonkatsu is a deep-fried
pork cutlet rolled in
breadcrumbs.

Shabu-shabu is tender,
thin slices of beef held with
chopsticks and swished
around in a pot of boiling
water, then dipped in sauce
before being eaten.

Soba and udon are two

kinds of Japanese noodles.
Soba is made from
buckwheat flour and udon
from wheat flour. They are
served either in a broth or
dipped in sauce and are
available in hundreds of
delicious variations.

CHINA

SPORTS

Table tennis
Table tennis
(pingpong)[edit]
Ping pong ( ) is the official name for
the sport of table tennis in China.

SPORTS
JAPAN

Sumo

Sumo wrestling is considered Japan's national sport.

is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where

a rikishi(wrestler) attempts to force another wrestler out of a
circular ring (dohy) or into touching the ground with anything
other than the soles of the feet. The characters literally
mean "striking one another".

A sumo match (tori-kumi)

between
formeryokozuna Asashry
(left) and then-komusubi
Kotoshgiku in January 2008.

CHINA

Traditional clothing

Chinese Clothing
As a vital part of Chinese civilization, traditional
costumes play an important role in the countrys
history and culture. Their basic features are crosscollar, wrapping the right lapel over the left, tying
with sash and a form of blouse plus skirt or long
gown.

Traditional
Chinese Suit

Other Types

Cheongsam

Clothing of Miao
Ethnic Minority

Clothing of
Uygur People

Traditional clothing
JAPAN

Japanese clothing
Traditional Japanese clothing distinguishes Japan
from all other countries around the world. The
Japanese word kimono means "something one
wears" and they are the traditional garments of
Japan.
Geisha performing
dance,
dressed in kimono.

Thank you.........