CLASSES OF NATURAL

EARTHQUAKE
1. TECTONIC
2. VOLCANIC

TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE
- Caused by stresses set up by
movements of a dozen or so huge
plates that form the earths crust

VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE
Not so obstructive. Its often
preceeded or accompanied by
volcanic eruption.

EPICENTER VS.
HYPOCENTER
EPICENTER point in the surface
directly above the focus
FOCUS center of energy release
during an earthquake

INTENSITY VS. MAGNITUDE

INTENSITY indicates the violence of
earth motion produced there by an
eathquake.
Magnitude indicates the amount of
energy released at the source
(epicenter)

SECONDARY CONSEQUENCES OF
EARTHQUAKE

Ground Rupture
Strong Ground Shaking
Landslide
Liquifaction
Fire
Tsunami
Epidemic

 DISASTER MANAGEMENT A
coolective term ecompassing all
aspects of planning, preparing and
responding to dosasters. It refers to
the management of consequences of
disasters.
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
Stresse on a proactive disaster
management responses of
prevention, mitigation and

PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Disaster management is the
resaponsibility of All spheres of
society.
Individuals are responsible for their
own safety
Disaster management should focus
on large-scale events
Disaster management must
recognize the involvement and
potential role of NGOs

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

(CONTINUUM)
IMPACT
STAGE
PREPAREDNE
SS

DISAST
ER

DEVELOPMENT

MITIGATIO
N

RESPONSE

REHABILITATIO
N

RECOVER
Y

PREPAREDNESS
Measures taken in anticipation of a
disaster to ensure that appopriate
and effective actions are taken in the
aftermath

DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
This is an INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY and
COMMUNITY preparation in advance
of any possible disaster organization
and training in disaster preparedness
are keys to your effective,
aggressive, coherent, and sustained
disaster response.

RESPONSE
Immediate reaction to occurrence of
a disaster in order to assess the
needs, reduce the suffering, limit the
spread of its effects and open a way
for rehabilitation

MASS EVACUATION
SEARCH and Rescue
Emergency Medical Services
Ensuring Food and Water Supply
Maintenance of Law and Order

RECOVERY
The process undertaken by a disaster
affected community to fully restore
to a pre-disaster level of functioning

PHASES OF RECOVERY
REHABILITATION
RECONSTRUCTION
DEVELOPMENT

REHABILITATION
Actions taken in the aftermath of
disaster to assist the victims repair
their dwellings, re-establish essential
services and revive economic and
social activities

RECONSTRUCTION
Permanent measures to replace
damaged dwellings, lifelines and
infrastructures and to set economy
back to motion

DEVELOPMENT
Sustained efforts intended to
improve or maintain the social and
economic well-being of a community

MITIGATION
Measures taken prior to the impact of
a disaster to minimise its effects

COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
MITIGATION

Risk Analysis
Prevention
Hazard Identification and Mapping
Vulnerability Analysis

RISK ANALYSIS
Determining the nature and scale of
losses which can be anticipated in a
particular area
Probability of a hazard of a particular
magnitude
Elements at risk
Nature of vulnerability

PREVENTION
Activities taken to prevent a natural
phenomenon or potential hazard
from having harmful effects on either
people or economic assests

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION and

MAPPING
Estimating probability of a damaging
phenomenon of a given magnitude in
a given area
CONSIDERATIONS:
1. HISTORY
2. PROBABILITY OF VARIOUS
INTENSITIES
3. MAXIMUM THREAT
4. POSSIBLE SECONDARY HAZARDS

VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
A process which results in an
understanding of the types and
levels of exposure of persons,
property and the environment in
relation to the effects of identified
hazards at a particular time.

SCHOOLS UNDER WEST VALLEY

FAULT

BARANGKA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

ALABANG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
PEDRO DIAZ HIGH SCHOOL
BULI ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
ANNE CLAIR MONTESSORI
SITIO KARAHUME ELEM. SCHOOL SAN
JOSE DELMONTE, BULACAN
TIBAGAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

ESTIMATED IMPACTS OF WORST CASE SCENARIO

EARTHQUAKE (Magnitude 7.2 West Valley Fault)
PUBLIC PURPOSE
BUILDINGS:

HEAVILY DAMAGED

8 10%

SCHOOLS: 1,412
HOSPITALS: 177
FIRE FIGHTING: 124
POLICE: 43
MUNICIPAL HALLS: 53

PARTIALLY DAMAGED 20 25%

RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS: 1,325,896

HEAVILY DAMAGED /
COLLAPSED
MODERATELY
DAMAGED

HUMAN LOSS:

DEAD

With population of
9,932,560
INJURED

13% or
170,000
25.6% or
350,000
90% from
pressure of
collapsed
building
33,500

ESTIMATED LIFELINE
DAMAGE
WATER PIPELINE

4,600 KM LONG

BREAK AT 954 POINTS

ELECTRICITY CABLE

4,900 KM LONG

CUT OF 31KM

PLDT TELEPHONE
CALLS

13,300 KM LONG

CUT OF 97KM

OF THE 213 BRIDGES

and 80 Flyovers

7 HAVE HIGH
POSSIBILITY OF
COLLAPSE

QUADRANT LOCATIONS
QUADRANTS

Local Government
Units

OPERATION CENTER

NORTH

CALOOCAN CITY
QUEZON CITY
VALENZUELA CITY
SAN JUAN CITY
MANDALUYONG CITY

VETERANS MEMORIAL
MEDICAL CENTER,
NORTH AVE. QUEZON
CITY

EAST

PASIG CITY
MARIKINA CITY

LRT 2 SANTOLAN
STATION DEPOT

WEST

MANILA CITY
MALABON CITY
NAVOTAS CITY
PASAY CITY

INTRAMUROS GOLF
COURSE

SOUTH

LAS PINAS CITY

MAKATI CITY
MUNTINLUPA CITY
PARANAQUE CITY
TAGUIG CITY
MUNICIPALITY OF
PATEROS

VILLAMO AIR BASE

GOLF COURSE, PASAY

PRIORITY ROAD NETWORKS FOR

CLEARING OPERATIONS
OSMENA HI-WAY
QUIRINO AVENUE
ARANETA AVENUE
C-3 ROAD
SHAW BOULEVARD
R/ MAGSAYSAY / AURORA BLVD /
MARCOAS HI-WAY
ORTIGAS AVENUE
OTHERS IDENTIFIED IN DETAIL

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES BEFORE,

DURING and AFTER the EARTHQUAKE

PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS BEFORE

AN EARTHQUAKE
Identify safe spots at the house or building
Secure shelves and cabinets
Remove heavy objects or furniture which may block
your egress
Stabilize LPG cylinders
Keep a list of important emergency or hotline numbers
Establish family earthquake plan
Keep contact numbers or a list of addresses of
relatives and friends
Learn on how to administer firast aid
Prepare earthquake emergency kit

WHAT CONTAINS EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY KIT?

HOME EMERGENCY KIT

OFFICE EMERGENCY KIT

1 gallon of water / person / day

5 liters of water

Foods (3 day consumption)

Foods (instant noodles etc)

Piece / pairs of clothes, blankets,

shoes

Piece of T Shirt and pants and

pair of rubber shoes

First Aid Kit

First Aid Kit

Portable Radios, Whistles,

Flashlights and Batteries

Portable Radios, Whistles,

Flashlights and Batteries

Essential Medications

Essential Medications

Low Frequency 2 way Radios

Low Frequency 2 way Radios

Instructions on how to turn off

gass, water and electricity
ABC Fire Extinguisher

TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Water and Foam

Water and Foam fire extinguishers

extinguish the fire by taking away the
heat element of the fire triangle. Foam
agents also separate the oxygen element
from the other elements.
Water extinguishers are for Class A fires
only - they should not be used on Class B
or C fires. The discharge stream could
spread the flammable liquid in a Class B
fire or could create a shock hazard on a
Class C fire.

TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Carbon Dioxide fire
extinguishers extinguish fire
by taking away the oxygen
element of the fire triangle
and also be removing the
heat with a very cold
discharge.
Carbon dioxide can be used
on Class B & C fires. They
are usually ineffective on
Class A fires.

TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Dry Chemical fire extinguishers
extinguish the fire primarily by
interrupting the chemical reaction
of the fire triangle.
Today's most widely used type of fire
extinguisher is the multipurpose dry
chemical that is effective on Class A,
B, and C fires. This agent also works
by creating a barrier between the
oxygen element and the fuel
element on Class A fires.
Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B &
C fires only. It is important to use the
correct extinguisher for the type of
fuel! Using the incorrect agent can
allow the fire to re-ignite after
apparently being extinguished

TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Wet Chemical is a new
agent that extinguishes the
fire by removing the heat of
the fire triangle and
prevents re-ignition by
creating a barrier between
the oxygen and fuel
elements.
Wet chemical of Class K
extinguishers were
developed for modern, high
efficiency deep fat fryers in
commercial cooking
operations. Some may also
be used on Class A fires in

TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Clean Agent
Halogenated or Clean
Agent extinguishers
include the halon agents as
well as the newer and less
ozone depleting halocarbon
agents. They extinguish the
fire by interrupting the
chemical reaction of the
fire triangle.
Clean agent extinguishers
are primarily for Class B & C
fires. Some larger clean
agent extinguishers can be

TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Dry Powder
Dry Powder extinguishers
are similar to dry chemical
except that they extinguish
the fire by separating the
fuel from the oxygen
element or by removing the
heat element of the fire
triangle.
However, dry powder
extinguishers are for Class
D or combustible metal
fires, only. They are
ineffective on all other

TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS

Water Mist
Water Mist extinguishers
are a recent development
that extinguish the fire by
taking away the heat
element of the fire triangle.
They are an alternative to
the clean agent
extinguishers where
contamination is a concern.
Water mist extinguishers
are primarily for Class A
fires, although they are safe
for use on Class C fires as
well.

TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS

Cartridge Operated Dry

Chemical fire extinguishers
extinguish the fire primarily by
interrupting the chemical reaction
of the fire triangle.
Like the stored pressure dry
chemical extinguishers, the
multipurpose dry chemical is
effective on Class A, B, and C fires.
This agent also works by creating a
barrier between the oxygen element
and the fuel element on Class A
fires.
Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B
& C fires only. It is important to use
the correct extinguisher for the type
of fuel! Using the incorrect agent
can allow the fire to re-ignite after

TYPES OF FIRE

TIPS ON HOW TO ENHANCE SURVIVAL

IF TRAPPED UNDER DEBRIS

AVOID UNECESSARY MOVEMENTS SO

THAT YOU WILL NOT KICK UP DUST
MAINTAIN MORAL AND FIGHTING
SPIRITS HIGH
PERIODICALLY MOVE YOUR FINGERS
AND TOSE TO ENSURE BLOOD
CIRCULATION
COVER YOUR MOUTH AND NOSE
WITH A PIECE OF CLOTH OR
ANYTHING YOU HAVE ON HAND

TIPS ON HOW TO ENHANCE SURVIVAL

IF TRAPPED UNDER DEBRIS

DO NOT SHOUT AND SHOUT. SHOUT

ONLY AS A LAST RESORT.
NOTE: Shouting under the rubble can cause a person to inhale
large amount of dust

TAP ON PIPE OR WALL SO THAT

RESCUERS CAN HEAR WHERE YOU
ARE
IF AVAILABLE, USE A FLASHLIGHT TO
SIGNAL YOUR LOCATION

Signal Whistle Codes

International Whistle Codes
Three blasts of the whistle is an
international distress call, which is loosely
translated to Help me! Two blasts of the
whistle is a call-back signal which means
Come here. One blast can mean Where
are you? or it can be a call-back signal if
you hear anything that sounds like a code.
Each whistle blast should last 3 seconds.

CREDITS
SOURCE: PHILVOCS / MMDA Rescue
Legion