COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS
LECTURE 3 : WEEK 3
CSC-110-T : FALL 2015
Credit : (2 + 1) / Week

TEXT AND REF. BOOKS

2

Text

Book:

Peter Norton (2011), Introduction to

Computers, 7 /e, McGraw-Hill
Reference Book:
Gary B (2012), Discovering Computers, 1/e,
South Western
Deborah (2013), Understanding Computers,
14/e, Cengage Learning
June P & Dan O (2014), New Perspective on
Computer, 16/e

MOBILE ALERT
3

Kindly Switch Off your Mobile/Cell Phone

OR

Switch it to Silent Mode Please

GOOGLE SITE ADDRESS

4

FOR LECTURE NOTES AND STUDY MATERIAL

DOWNLOAD, PLEASE VISIT :

https://sites.google.com/site/shucsc110/
OR

TYPE SHUCSC110 & GOOGLE

INPUT/OUTPUT/STORA
GE DEVICES
5

Presented by: Flt. Lt. Shujaat H. Butt (R)

MSc. Telecomm. & Network Management, UK
Masters (CS), Bahria University Khi, Pakistan
Prince2 Project Management (Foundation) Certified
Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP)

Learning Outcome

Input Devices
Keyboard, Mouse, Touchscreen etc
Output Devices
Monitors, Printers etc
Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drive, Optical Storage etc

Input
7

Input is any data and instructions

entered into the memory of a computer

Input
Device
is
any
hardware
component that allows users to enter
data and instructions into a computer

Input
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Input Device:

Keyboard and pointing devices

Pointing devices:

Mouse is a pointing device

because it allows a user to
control a pointer on the screen.

Input
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In Graphical User Interface (GUI), a

pointer is a small symbol on the screen
whose location and shape change as a
user moves a pointing device.

A pointing device
can select text,
graphics and other objects and click
buttons,
icons,
links
and
menu

Input
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There are 2 types: Mechanical mouse and Optical

mouse.
Mechanical mouse has a rubber or metal ball on its
underside.

Mouse

You should place a mechanical mouse on a mouse pad.

Mouse pad is a rectangular rubber or foam pad that provides
better traction than the top of a desk

Optical mouse uses devices that emit and sense light to

detect the mouses movement.

Input

Input

Input
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Mouse

Optical mouse is

Mouse connects to a computer in several way:

More precise than a mechanical mouse

Dose not require cleaning as does a mechanical mouse.
Also it is more expensive.
By cable through mouse port, USB port and serial port (old).
By wireless through IR or Bluetooth.

Wireless mouse or cordless mouse, is a battery-powered

device that transmits data using wireless technology.

Input
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The Keyboard

Is an input device that contains keys users press to

enter data and instructions into a computer

Desktop computer keyboard often attach to the

System Unit using

Cable: a serial port or USB port.

Without cables : IR or Bluetooth

Wireless keyboard or cordless keyboard, is a batterypowered device that transmits data using wireless
technology

Computer Keyboard Keys

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Function Keys

Cursor-Movement Keys

Numeric Keypad

Toggle Keys (Caps Lock, Num Lock)

Modifier Keys (Shift, Alt, Ctrl)

Windows Keys

Print Screen

Standard Computer Keyboard

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Input
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Scanners and Reading Devices

Some input devices save time by capturing
data directly from a source document

Optical scanner
Optical readers
Bar code readers
RFID readers
Magnetic strip card readers

Input
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Optical Readers

Is a device that uses a light source to read characters,

marks and codes and then converts them into digital data
that a computer can process.

Two technologies used by optical readers are

Optical

character recognition.

Optical

mark recognition.

Input
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3- Bar Code Readers

Also called bar code scanner

Is an electronic device that uses laser beams for reading printed

barcodes.

Barcode is an identification code that consists of set of vertical

lines and spaces of different widths

The barcode represent the data that identifies the manufacturer

and the item

Input And Output

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4- RFID Readers
Radio-frequency identification
Is a technology that uses radio signals to communicate
with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal,
or a person.
RFID tags, which contain a memory chip and an
antenna, are available in many shapes and size.
RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio
waves. It can be handheld devices or mounted in a
stationary object such as a doorway.

Input
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5- Magnetic Strip Card Readers

Often called a mag-strip reader, reads the Magnetic strip on
the back of credit cards or other similar cards.
The strip contains information identifying you.
Some information stored in the strip includes your name,
account number, the card expiration date, and a country
code.
If the Magnetic strip card readers rejects your card, it is
possible that the Magnetic strip is scratched, dirty or erased.
Exposure to magnetic field can erase the contents of a cards
magnetic stripe.

Input
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Biometric Input

Is the technology of authenticating a persons identity by

verifying a personal characteristic.

Biometric devices grant users access to programs, systems, or

rooms by analyzing some physiological or behavioral
characteristic.

Such as fingerprints, eye patterns, voice patterns, facial features,

signatures and hand geometry.

Input
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Biometric Input

Fingerprint scanner
Face recognition system
Hand geometry system
Voice verification system
Signature verification
system
Iris recognition system

What is Output ?
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Any information that has been processed

and comes from a computeror computer
device is considered asoutput
When someone is viewing output, they're
seeing it on an output device such as a
computer monitor or a hard copy print
out.

Output Device
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Anoutput
deviceis
any
piece
ofcomputer
hardwareequipment
used to communicate the results ofdata
processingcarried
out
by
aninformation
processing
system(such as acomputer) which
converts the electronically generated
information into human-readable form

Output Devices
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Processed data from a computer

Text, graphics, photos, audio, video

Common output devices

Monitor

Printer

Plotter

Voice

Monitors
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Most frequently used output

device

Size is measured by diagonal of

screen

Common sizes: 15, 17, 19, 21

inches

Clarity is indicated by resolution

Measured in pixels

More pixels = better clarity

Monitor Standards
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Resolution capabilities indicated by a monitors

standard

Video Graphics Array (VGA)

Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA)

Extended Graphics Array (XGA)

Super Extended Graphics Array (SXGA)

Ultra Extended Graphics Array (UXGA)

Monitor Types
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Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRT)

Most common
Flat-panel monitors (Liquid Crystal Display)
Passive-matrix

images created by scanning the entire screen

Active-matrix (Thin Film Transistor TFT)

each

pixel is individually activated

eBook readers
Data projectors
High-definition television (HDTV)

Printers
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Produces hard copy output

Ink-jet printer

Inexpensive and for home use

Sprays droplets of ink

Produce very sharp images

Laser printer

More expensive, fast printing speed

Laser produced excellent letter and images

Laser Printing
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Other Printers
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Dot-matrix
Series of pins on print head
Inexpensive, not high quality
Chain/Line printer
Used on networks by Org.
Plotter
Maps, architectural drawings
High quality, larger sized output

Output Devices
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Optical Disks: CD-ROM and DVD

CD-ROM (Compact Disk - Read Only Memory)

By

its definition, CD-ROM is Read Only.

Special CD drives burn information into blank CDs.

It

Burn: A laser is used to burn craters into the surface to

represent a binary 1.
Two main types of CDs:
CD-R (Compact Disk - Recordable)
CD-WR (Compact Disk Re-Writable)

takes longer to write to a CD-R than a hard drive.

Special software is needed to record.

Storage Devices

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Data Units
Name Equal to Size in Bytes
Bit 1 bit 1/8
Byte 8 bits 1
Kilobyte 1,024 bytes
1,024
Megabyte 1,024 kilobytes 1,048,576
Gigabyte 1,024 megabytes 1,073,741,824
Terabyte 1,024 gigabytes 1,099,511,627,776
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Storage Units
Name What can it store?
Byte A single letter, like "A."
Kilobyte A 14-line e-mail. A pretty lengthy paragraph of text.
Megabyte A good sized novel.
Gigabyte Roughly 300 MP3s or 40 minutes of video at DVD
quality. A CD holds about three quarters of a gigabyte.
Terabyte 1,000 copies of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Statistically, the average person has spoken about this
much by age 25!
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Storage: Holding Data for

Future Use

Storage is dependent on two parts:

Recording media to hold the data

Hard

disks
Flash memory
CDs and DVDs

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A storage device, which is hardware that

contains the tools to place the data on the
recording media

Storage: Holding Data for

Future Use

A hard disk drive (hard disk) is:

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The most important storage device

A high-capacity, high-speed device
Considered secondary storage (fixed
storage), compared with memory/RAM,
which is categorized as primary storage

Storage: Holding Data for

Future Use

Hard disk drives

Are random access storage devices and
permit direct retrieval of desired data
Contain a coating of magnetic
material used for data storage

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Storage: Holding Data for

Future Use
Hard disks record data on
concentric bands called tracks.
Tracks are divided into sectors.
A group of two or more sectors is
a cluster.

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Storage: Holding Data for

Future Use

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Storage: Holding Data for

Future Use

The computers operating system stores in a

table the file name and its location on the
disk.

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The File Allocation Table (FAT) is the table

created by older versions of Microsoft Windows.
The New Technology File System (NTFS) is
the present system used for tracking file
locations.

Performance Measures of Disks

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Access time the time it takes from

when a read or write request is issued to
when data transfer begins. Consists of:

Seek time time it takes to reposition the arm over

that correct track.

Rotational latency time it takes for the sector to

be accessed to appear under the head.

Data-transfer rate the rate at which data can be

retrieved from or stored to the disk.

Storage: Holding Data for

Future Use

Hard disk performance

Disk cache is a type of cache memory.

CPU

looks in the disk cache before going to the

hard disk.
Using the disk cache speeds up data retrieval.

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Tracks on a CD

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A CD has one long

track on it full of
Pits and Lands.
This tracks begins
at the centre of
the disk and work
outwards in a
tight spiral.

Reading and Writing to a

CD-ROM

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Powerful laser
burns disk surface
Laser burns pits
into surface
Weak laser reads
surface
Detector measures
reflected light

How a CD-ROM is read

Top of CD ROM Disk
Change
Pit

Change

Change
Land

Land

Pit

Land

Bottom of CD ROM Disk

Reflected Light

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Laser

Light Sensor

Data is encoded onto the CD using a

series of Pits' and Lands.

A change from a Pit to a Land is read as a

1 and no change or a Land is read as a 0.

In this figure, it will read as: 01001010

Remember Your ASCII!

Therefore 01001010 = 74 = Letter J

8 Bits = 1 Byte = 1 Character of Text

48

END OF LECTURE 7

Any Questions !!!