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DNA structure and replication animation
http://207.207.4.198/pub/flash/24/menu.swf
What Is DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Everyone knows this?
Molecule of heredity
Constitutes our genes
Genes are stretches of DNA sequence
DNA is present in each cell
Passed on to gametes and into progeny
Nucleotides
The small molecules that make up the large DNA
polymer
DNA Concepts
Genes
Chromosomes
Complementary base-paired double helix
Polymer of nucleotides
The sequence of nucleotides is the
information of DNA
DNA Concepts
Chemical processes?
base pairing, hydrogen bonds
Genetic principles?
DNA replication
Mutations
Chromosome segregation & assortment
Persons Names
Martina Navratilova
Hakeem Olajuwon
E Hakeem Olajuwon
__
F Purine
__
C Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
__
H Deoxyadenosine monophosphate
__
B Pyrimidine
D
__
G Martina Navratilova
__
D Deoxycytidine monophosphate
__
A Nadia Comaneci
__
Nucleotides
The building blocks of DNA
Nucleotide Structure
Base always
attached here
Phosphates are
attached there
Nucleotides
Adenosine monophosphate
Cytidine monophosphate
Guanosine monophosphate
Uridine monophosphate
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxyguanosine monophosphate
Deoxythymidine monophosphate
Order of Nucleotides
As nucleotides join the strand they
generate a sequence
Inherent fidelity of DNA replication
TAAGTGTACACGTA
G
C GATTCACATGTGCAT
TAAGTGTACACGTA
T
C
AAT CGTAAGTGTACACGTA
C
A CCAT
C
TTCA
TCACATCG
TAAGTGTACACGTA
AGTCCGATCGTAACTGGGTCACATCGTAAGTGTACACGTA
AGTCCGATCGTAACTGGG
T
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
||||||||||||||||||
||||||||||||||||||||||
TCAGGCTAGCATTGACCCAGTGTAGCATTCACATGTGCAT
TCAGGCTAGCATTGACCC
AGTGTAGC
ATTCACATGTGCAT
AGGTG
TG TAG
TA CTAAGTGTACACGTA
GC ATTCACATGTGCAT
ATTCACATGTGCAT
DNA Sequence
Human Genome Project
sequencing the human genome
Gene
Expression
DNA
Gene
Transcription
RNA (messenger RNA)
Translation
Protein
(sequence of
amino acids)
sequences
Terminator
Coding sequences
DNA
Transcription
mRNA 5
3
Start
codon
Open
reading
frame
Stop
codon
Transcription
Coding
AC
Translation
Translation Elongation
aa-tRNA entry
Peptidyl
transferase
Translocation
Termination
Translation
GROWANDNOWTHECATSAWTHEDOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW
a
b
c
a
b
c
ROWANDNOWTHECATSAWTHEDOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW
ROWNDNOWTHECATSAWTHEDOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW
ROWANDNOWTHECATSAWTHEDOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW
a
b
c
ROWANDNOWTHECATSAWTHEADOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW
NOWTHECATSAWTHEADOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW..
ROWANDNOWTHECATSAWTHEDOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW
ROWANDNOWTHECATSAWTHEDOGBUTENDNOTRUNENDSEW
NOWTHECATSAWTHEDOGBUTEND
ROWANDNOWTHECATSAWTHEDOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW
ROWANDNOWTHECATSAWTHEHOGBUTDIDNOTRUNENDSEW
NOWTHECATSAWTHEHOGBUTDIDNOTRUNEND
Effect of Mutations
Sickle cell disease
single nucleotide change AT