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FACTS--Technology
FACTS
SSSC--Device
SSSC
48 pulse-
pulse-GTO VSC Converter
Decoupled d-
d-q Current Control
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
v ã
This SSSC-
SSSC-compensator device can provide a fully controllable series injected
(Buck/Boost) compensating voltage over an identical specified capacitive and
inductive range, independently of the magnitude of the transmission line current.
In addition to series reactive/capacitive compensation using an external dc
sustained power supply, it can also compensate for any feeder voltage drop M
across the inductive component
of the transmission line impedance.
The SSSC FACTS device can provide either capacitive or inductive injected voltage
compensation, if SSSC-
SSSC-AC injected voltage, (Vs), lags the line current IL by 90º, a capacitive
series voltage compensation is obtained in the transmission line and if leads IL by 90º, an
inductive series compensation is achieved.
|
V " " V " (1) Figure 1: A Sample Power Transmission System.
Õ Õ
" " rr " r
Õ Õ
M M M
(4)
The expression of power flow given in eq.1 and eq. 2 become
2 2
sin " sin " (5)
Õ 1
Õ
" r " r (6)
Õ r
Õ
Where e is the e ective total transmission line reactance bet een its sending and
eceiving po er system ends, including the equivalent ³variable reactance´ inserted by the
equivalent in ected voltage ( s) ( uck or oost) by the - T ompensator.
¢
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Linear Load
Figure 2: The single line diagram representing the SSSC interface at S.E. of a Radial Distribution System.
The feeding AC network is represented by an equivalent Thevenin is at (bus B1) where the
voltage source is a 230 kV with 10000 MVA short circuit level (resistor 0.1 pu and an
equivalent reactance of 0.3 pu) followed by the 230 kV radial transmission line connected
to bus B2. The full system parameters are given in Table 1.
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Rated 230 kV Valves GTO
Voltage
RatedVoltage 230 kV
Ts R 1mȍ
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Xl 0.25 pu Capacitance 20mF
RL 0.05 pu dc voltage 1 kV
XL 0.01 pu XL 0.02 pu
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48 pulse converter output voltage
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T ime sec
M
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The SSSC device is connected at time t = 0.1 sec, while only load 1 ( P = 0.5 pu and Q = 0.15 pu) is in
attached to the system.
J At t = 0.5 sec, load 2 ( P = 0.235 pu and Q = 0.135 pu) is switched on for a duration 0.4 sec and then
disconnected at t =0.9 sec.
J The SSSC device operates in the capacitive mode with phase angle of at almost -90º. The SSSC device while
operating in this capacitive mode also injects an equivalent capacitive reactance of -0.35 pu in series with the
transmission line.
J When load 2 is switched on, the capacitor Vdc and therefore the reactive power are increased in order to
satisfy the specify . Since the SSSC device is in the capacitive mode, the injected voltage, Vq, lags the line
current by 90º as shown in Figure 5(g).
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Figure 6 : Digital simulation results of the sample study 230 kV radial transmission system attached to the
SSSC device at bus B1 & operating in capacitive mode.
The digital simulation is carried out for an inductive load 1 with (P = 0.16Ãpu and
Q = 0.01Ã pu) (at rated voltage) while this load is fully connected from the start point of the
digital simulation.
When load 2 a capacitive load with (P = 0.6 pu and Q = -0.45 pu) is switched in at t = 0.5
sec
for duration 0.4 sec to the distribution network, this is cause overvoltage so the inductive
compensation is also required.
The SSSC FACTS device is switched to the power system at time t = 0.1 sec and the dc
capacitor is charged by the real power flow from the transmission line to the dc-
dc-side capacitor.
When load 2 is switched on at t = 0.5 sec the SSSC device operates in the inductive mode and
the series injected voltage, Vs, leads the transmission line current, , by 90º as shown in
Figure 6(g).
The SSSC FACTS device provides a fast inductive series compensation for the power system.
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2- This controlled voltage (Vs) is almost in quadrature with the transmission line
current, thereby can effective as an inductive or a capacitive equivalent reactance in
series with the transmission line.
3- The dynamic power flow in the Transmission line always decreases when the
injected voltage by the SSSC in an inductive reactance mode and the power flow
increases when the injected voltage by the SSSC in a capacitive reactance mode.
4- The Phase Locked Loop (PLL) has an block inherent time delay (about 8
millisecond). This has a great effect on the dynamic performance of the SSSC
device.
5- The paper presents a novel high pulse 48 pulse GTO full model of the SSSC
FACTS device as well as the new dynamic decoupled controller that minimizes the
PLL--loop effect on controller fast response robustness.
PLL
& "
3- Amir H. Norouzi, A.M. Sharaf, " An Auxiliary regulator for the SSSC Transient
Enhacement", IEEE 35th North American Power Symposium, Rolla, Missouri, Oct, 2003.
5- Amir H. Norouzi, thesis " Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Theory, Control and
Simulation of the STATCOM and SSSC" Electrical & Computer Engineering Department,
University of New Brunswick, 2003.
6- Ekanayake, J. B., Jenkins, N., "A three advanced static var compensator", IEEE Trans. on
Power Delivery, Vol. 11, no.1, pp.540-
pp.540-545.
Ã- C.Schauder, H. Mehta, " Vector analysis and control of advanced static var compensator".
Proc. IEE International Conference on AC and DC Transmission Paper No. 345, pp. 299-
299-
309, 1991.