Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Planning Instruction
The most promising future teachers are those who can provide
clear presentations and explanations. Students tend to learn more
from such teachers.
Some studies have found that ratings of teachers enthusiasm for
their subject correlated with student achievement. Warmth,
friendliness, and understanding tend to be traits associated with
students liking teachers.
Teachers Knowledge:
Teaching as Journey
Step two:
State how you intend to get there a map of the steps along the way
Step three:
1.
2.
ClassTask/Activity
Divide
Declarative v. procedural
Conceptual v. rote/factual
Blooms Taxonomy
in the Cognitive Domain
2001 Updates
to Blooms Taxonomy
Old Hierarchy
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
New Hierarchy
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analysis
Evaluation
Creating
Factual knowledge
Conceptual knowledge
Procedural Knowledge
Metacognitive Knowledge
Forms a grid
Gagnes
8 Conditions of Learning
1. Signal Learning (Classical Conditioning): Organism
acquires a conditioned response to a given signal
(e.g., withdrawal of hand)
2. S R Learning (Operant Conditioning): Voluntary
action shaped by reinforcement (e.g., learning
meanings of words in a foreign language)
3. Chaining: Links together previously learned S-R bonds
to form routine procedures, e.g., commencing to drive
a car.
4. Verbal Learning: A type of chaining, but the links are
verbal units, e.g., alphabet
Planning Instruction
Conducting a Task Analysis
Planning for
Constructivist Instruction
Planning for
Teacher-Centered Instruction
Steps
When Appropriate
Recitation
and Questioning
Steps
Teacher
Kinds of Questions
Strengths
Gives opportunity to check
on student comprehension
Pushes students to provide
more complete answers.
Slows down the pace
allowing for thinking and
problem solving
Allows students to present
material
Helps maintain attention
Challenges
Students are passive
Unequal student
participation
Difficult to monitor
comprehension.
Recall is emphasized over
critical thinking
Recitation may not be the
best instructional procedure
for certain student/learner
types
Rosenshines
6 Teaching Functions in
Teacher Centered Classes
Group Discussion
Cooperative/Collaborative
Learning
Jigsaw
STAD and TGT
Strengths
Enhanced motivation
Enhanced social skills
Can give opportunities for
more students to relate their
understanding of content
Good for instruction with
conceptual information
Challenges
Time consuming
Individuals may monopolize
or steer group in wrong
direction.
Can intimidate shy students
Not all group members
equal contributors
Difficult to grade individuals
Independent Study
Independent Study
Behavioral Approach
Constructivist
Whatever