A presentation on

FUEL OIL & FUEL FIRING

SYSTEM

Fuel Oil
Three liquid fuels used in power plants
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
LSHS (Low Sulfur Heavy stock)
Light Diesel Oil(LDO)

Oil firing is preceded by

Lowering viscosity and increasing flowability on heating for
better combustion in given turn down ratio.(125oC)
Droplet formation on atomization (by steam/ compressed air/
mechanical pressurization)
Combustion initiation by High energy spark ignition

Method of firing
Down shot firing
Front fired
Single wall
Opposed wall
Corner fired

Tangential tilted
(-30o to +30o)
Fluidized bed
combustion

For Anthracite (Low VM)

Bituminous (High/
medium VM)
Bituminous (Medium VM)

Lignite, peat, garbage (For

low CV, high ash, high
Sulphur)

Coal for combustion

Anthracite
Semi-anthracite

Bituminous
Semi-Bituminous

Lignite

Peat

High CV, low VM

High CV, low VM
Medium CV, medium VM
Medium CV, medium VM
Low CV, high VM, high TM
Very low CV, high VM &
TM

Combustion air arrangement in furnace

Fuel air is supplied around coal nozzles (at velocity
of 30-35 m/sec).
Secondary air is supplied in adjacent tiers of sec.
air dampers from wind box (Hot air from Secondary
APH)
Overfire/ Tempering air is supplied at the top of the
burner zone for NOx control.
Gas recirculation is adopted for steam temperature
control in oil/ gas fired units.
Furnace draft is maintained at -5 mmwc with Forced
and Induced draft fans (balanced draft)

Tangential corner fired

boilers
Suitable for sub bituminous and bituminous coal
More uniform heat absorption in furnace walls
Inherent feature of low NOx formation due air deficit
region at centre
Air plenum near walls reduce slagging and prevent
fireside corrosion.
Arrangement of steam temperature control by tilting the
coal burners (-30o to +30o)

Flame visualization in
tangential corner fired boilers

Burner tilt (UP)

Burner tilt (Horizontal)

Burner tilt (Down)

Boiler loss %

Optimization of
total air supply

CO2%

Variation of CO
with O2 in flue
gas

Fuel Firing System

Burners
Light oil

Coal
Igniters

Fuel oil
(HFO)

(LDO)
a)Quantity,
4
C)Atomization

24

12

(Steam)

(Air)

Heat loss Vs Excess air

PF firing
Oil firing
40

20%
10%

Excess air for minimum loss

30
20
10
20

40

60

80

100

% of excess air

FUEL OIL SYSTEM

STORAGE TANK DATA

Description
Capacity(m3/hr)
Numbers
Tank size

HFO Tank
LDO Tank
2000
1000
2
1
16IDX12H 12IDX10H

UNLOADING PUMPS

Description
Wagon unloading pumps
Service HFO/LSHS
LDO
No's
(4+2)
(2+1)

Type Twin Screw Twin Screw

Capacity
(150+25) (25+10)

FUEL OIL
CHARACTERISTICS

LDO /HFO ANALYSIS

Combustion air
Theoretical air for complete combustion is
known as stoichiometric air.
Excess air for completion of combustion
(20% at MCR i.e. 3.6% O2)
ExcessAir

O2 %
21 O2 %

Total combustion is divided as

Primary air
For drying & pulverized coal
transportation
Secondary air
Additional air for
combustion
Ratio of SA/ PA = 2:1 (Approx)

QUESTIONS