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Outline
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Agriculture sector
Green Revolution
Issues
Phases of agricultural growth
Agricultural policies
Agriculture Sector
Agriculture is not confined to cultivation of the land, growing and harvesting
seasonal crops.
Agriculture includes:
Livestock breeding 49.1% of value added in agriculture and 11. 4% of
Poultry farming has emerged as good substitute of beef and mutton with
356 million chicks production, 4850 million eggs and 303 000 tons of
poultry meat in 2003-04
ii. Improvement in per acre yield through quality fertilizers to compensate for
Tripling in cotton production over the 1980s due to the use of quality
seed and proper incentives to the sector
Agriculture Sector
1947- Agriculture accounted for 53% of GDP. 2005- 23% of GDP, 21% of GDP in
2011.
Pakistan ranks 5th in Muslim World & 20th worldwide in farm output.
Pakistan is worlds 5th largest milk producer.
In 2005 Wheat production was 21.591 million metric tons- more than all of Africa and
Livestock sector contributes half of the value added in agriculture sector amounting to
Pakistan is Asias largest camel market, Second largest apricot and ghee market, third
Agricultural crops such as cotton and sugar cane provide raw material for
two of the most imp industries in Pak i.e textile and sugar.
Paks unsatisfactory agri performance is mainly due to traditional methods of
Despite of this increased input, the output has not been increased
accordingly.
There is a decreasing returns to scale in agri sector.
Recent Performance
The agriculture has lost significant growth momentum as its growth slowed
impediment to growth.
Major crops remained the victim of natural calamities during the last few
years and three out of last four years witnessed negative growth in the major
crop sector. It causes declining trend of agriculture sector contribution in
GDP.
Salient Features
Agriculture employs 44% of the work force in the country.
Total geographical area 79.6 million hectares. 27% of this area under cultivation.
80% of this area irrigated, but approx. 20% of area in Irrigation Canal. Most of the
area is affected by water logging and salinity. An additional area of 2.8 million ha.
affected by solidity.
no subsidies, high cost of inputs, crop and livestock insurance, lack of veterinary
canola.
Most of these crops are imported which is about 70.85 % of total availability and
dependent on cotton for more than half of its export earnings. This strong
dependence is dangerous given the climatic and viral-induced setbacks that cotton
production has historically experienced throughout Pakistans history.
Secondly, the avowed objective of food security, which should have been possible
given the favorable resource endowment of the country __ one of the largest
irrigation systems in the world__ has not been achieved so far.
Thirdly, the rapid increase in population, with the growth rate estimated at 3 percent
intensive, agriculture.
A good agri pricing policy can be defined as the one where prices act as an
sector.
Industrial sector was highly protected at the cost of agri sector
Barter trade was a common feature where agri products were exchanged for
NCA argued that the main objective of the pricing policy of 1960-65 was to provide
low cost food to urban population, to provide cheap raw material for agri production, to
keep the wages of agri workers low.
First step govt took to encourage agri output was to subsidize agri inputs which cover
There is a group of landowners who reside in urban areas and made investment
Since they pay no tax, so they are questioned by traders and salaried class to
pay tax.
Many traders have purchased agri land with an intent to escape from income tax.
Many large farmers are earning handsome amount of money from agri.