DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

George Klington. A
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

• Data – Information Or Fact

• Field – Collection of Data

• Record – Collection of Fields

• File – Collection of Records

George Klington.A
 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

 Database (DB): A collection of related data

 Database Management System (DBMS): A software package

to facilitate the process of

– Defining - specifying types, organization (schema)

– Constructing - loading the data
– Manipulating - querying the data
– One DBMS, many DBs, many applications

 Database system: A database and a DBMS

George Klington.A
 Popular Examples
 Company Databases
– employees, departments, projects …

 Airline Reservation Systems

– flights, fares, customers, reservations ..

 Library Databases
– authors, titles, publishers, videos …

 Bank Databases
– accounts, customers ...

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 Database System Environment

Users/Programmers

Database Application Programs/Queries

System

DBMS
Software Software: Query Processing
& Programs

Software: Data Access

Database Database
Definition

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DBMSs VS File Processing

Why do we need a DBMS?

Why not just use files to store

data?

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File Processing

Human
Resources

Application
Programs
Application
Programs

Science
Office
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 File Processing VS DBMS

File Processing DBMS

 data definition is part of application • self-describing
programs
• program-data independence
 programs & data are interdependent
• support of multiple views of
data
• provides concurrency control &
transaction processing
capabilities
• provides mechanisms for
backup & recovery
• support for query languages
• provides access control
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 Desirable Capabilities

 Control Redundancy

 Restrict Access

 Provide persistent storage for program objects & data

structures

 Permit inference & actions by using rules

 Provide multiple user interfaces

 Represent complex relationships among data

 Provide back-up & recovery

George Klington.A
 Additional Advantages of using a DBMS

 Potential for enforcing standards

 Reduced application development time
 Flexibility
 Availability of up-to-date info to all users
 Economical
 Multi-user to a high degree

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Database Actors

•Database Administrator (DBA)

- authorizing access to the database
- coordinating and monitoring its use
- aquiring software and hardware as needed
- solving problems such as breach of security or poor system
performance
•Database Designers/Modelers
- identifying the data to be stored
- choosing appropriate data structure
•End-users
- access to the database: querying, updating, generating reports
•Software Engineers
- developing application programs
George Klington.A
 The Database Management System

• The DBMS comes between the users and the

database.
• First, the DBMS allows users to define the
database, usually through a Data Definition
Language (DDL).
– The DDL allows users to specify the data types and
structures of, and the constraints on, the data to be
stored in the database.
• Second, the DBMS allows users to insert, update,
delete, and retrieve data from the database, usually
through a Data Manipulation Language (DML).
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 Data Model

 A collection of concepts that can be used to define the

structure (data, data types, relations and constraints) of a
database.

 Examples:
– Entity Relationship model
– Relational Model
– hierarchical & network models
– object-data models

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 Design Phases

Conceptual Design

Produces the initial model of the real world in a Business Information Requirements
conceptual model

Logical Design
Conceptual Data
Consists of transforming the conceptual schema into the
data model supported by the DBMS Modeling
Physical Design Logical Database
Aims at improving the performance of the final system Design

Physical Database
Design

Operational Database
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 Conceptual Design

 Conceptual Model
– Merge the collective needs of all applications
– Determine what Entities are being used
• Some object about which information is to maintained
– What are the Attributes of those entities?
• Properties or characteristics of the entity
• What attributes uniquely identify the entity
– What are the Relationships between entities
• How the entities interact with each other?

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 Logical Design

 Logical Model
– How is each entity and relationship represented in
the Data Model of the DBMS
• Hierarchic?
• Network?
• Relational?
• Object-Oriented?

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 Physical Design

 Internal Model
– Choices of index file structure
– Choices of data storage formats
– Choices of disk layout

George Klington.A
THANK YOU!!!

George Klington.A