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(Q-Qw), Xe, S
Q, So, Xo
(1+R).Q, S, X
Volume = V;
S, X
RQ, Xr, S
Qw, Xr, S
V
V
[(1 R )Q RQ] Q
Please Note,
(1 R ).Q.X R.Q.X r Q w .X r
X.V
1
Q w .X r
(1+R).Q, C
Volume = V;
Inert Solids: C
(RQ+ Qw), Cr
RQ, Cr, S
Q w , Cr
(A)
Q.Co .c C.V;
C.V
c
;
Q w .C r
C.V
Q W .(B)
Cr
c
C Co .
Co .c C.
(C)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTLKoGGo0dM&feature=player_detailpage
sedimentation
tank. (High BSRT)
Pin-point flocs:
low numbers. This
Filamentous bulking:
Filamentous bulking is caused by the predominance of
organisms. The
filaments interfere with sludge settling and compaction. (very high BSRT)
filamentous
Sludge settleability is determined by measuring the sludge volume index (SVI), which is given
by:
Sludge Volume Index (SVI):
2000
3.60
2500
1.86
3000
1.09
3500
0.69
4500
0.33
5000
0.24
6000
0.14
6500
0.11
8000
0.06
10000
0.03
12000
0.02
Empirical Formula:
Interfacial settling velocity v (in m/hr) = [2x1010]. [X in mg/L]-2.9521
Interfacial
Height
Solids (X)
mg/L
Increasing (X + C)
Flow Q(1 R)
Solids (C X)
At any depth ,
Gravity Flux (SFG) = (Ci + Xi).vi
vi is the interfacial velocity
Underflow Flux (SFu)= (Ci + Xi).u
Total Flux (SFT) = SFG + SFu
Flow Q Q w
Solids 0
Ci , X i , v i
Flow RQ Q w
Solids (C r X r )
Underflow Velocity (u) =
RQ+Q w
As
As
As
It is also obvious that the SF through the tank cross-section is the same both at the top and
bottom of the tank and also at any intermediate height in the tank.
The question is then, what should be the value of SF.
As soon as we decide on the value of SF, the tank surface area can be calculated.
(RQ Q w )
As
u may be determined by equating the solid flux at the top and bottom of the clarifier,
Solid Flux (SF) = (C + X).(v1 + u) = (Cr + Xr).(v2 + u)
(C X).v1 (C r X r ).v 2
(Cr X r ) (C X)
Solids
Gravity Flux
mg/L
m/hr
kg/m2/hr
2000
2500
3000
3500
4500
5000
6000
6500
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
3.60
1.86
1.09
0.69
0.33
0.24
0.14
0.11
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
7.196
4.655
3.261
2.414
1.478
1.203
0.843
0.721
0.481
0.311
0.218
0.161
0.124
0.099
u, m/hr
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
Underflow Flux
Total Flux
Kg/m2/hr
kg/m2/hr
0.154
0.193
0.231
0.270
0.347
0.385
0.462
0.501
0.616
0.770
0.924
1.078
1.232
1.386
7.350
4.847
3.492
2.683
1.824
1.588
1.305
1.221
1.097
1.081
1.142
1.239
1.356
1.485
1.000
0.500
0.000
10000
020000
(C+X)
Actual Flux through the tank should be 1.081
kg/m2/hr or less for u = 0.077 m/hr
Higher value of flux will result in solids build
up in the tank and ultimately solids overflow
with the treated effluent
Motor
Inlet Weir
D
Sludge
Bottom Slope
Effluent
Launder
Sludge
Sludge
Sludge
Scraper
Influent Water
Sludge