TAS 3101 : WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1 :

Introduction

CHAPTER 3:
Environmental Microbiology

© SHAHRUL ISMAIL, DESc.

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT University College of Science and Technology Malaysia
Table of contents:

1. Earth and Water

2. Human and water
3. Current condition / scenario
4. Water Matters : Dilemma & Crisis
5. Water Pollution : Definition
6. Water Pollution : Causes & Sources
7. Water Matters Approach

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

 Water Cycle

• 70% of the earth’s surface – rivers, sea,

rivers.
• Water sources :
– Surface Water
– Groundwater

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

 Water /Hydrological Cycle

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

 Human and water

• Human body : 65 – 75% consists of water

• Function:

- Body immmune-cooling, dilution

- Sel metabolisme-water transport

- Neutralize and to remove excess toxics in

body system.

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

 Current condition/ Scenarios
• Status of :
– Water resources
– Water supply
– Water quality

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Water Matters:

• Colour – Organic and inorganic (mineral

and metal)
• Organic – humus/plant – yellowish -
chocolate
• Steel/ corrosion – Distribution pipe
system)
• Manganese – in soil – chocolate to
blackish

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Water Dilemmas

• Development
– Environmental Destruction
– Water demand
– Water system
– Water quality

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Pollution

• “Undesirable change in the physical,

chemical, or biological characteristics of
the air, water, or land that can harmfully
effect the health, survival, or activities of
human or other living organisms”.

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Pollution

What is Water
Pollution ?
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Water Pollution

• “Body of water is adversely affected

due to the addition of large amounts of
materials to the water.  When it is unfit
for its intended use, water is
considered polluted” 

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Pollution sources

• POINT SOURCES
- Known sources e.g. domestic sewage,
industrial discharges
• NON-POINT SOURCES
- Unknown sources e.g. urban and
agricultural runoff

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Pollution

Water are
Pollution
Sources?
?
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
 Water Pollutant Sources

3 categories :
• Municipal-residential/domestic or
business area
• Industrial-factories: textile, chemicals etc
• Agricultural-fertilizer, insecticide and
pesticide

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

 Water Pollutant

1) Oxygen demanding wastes

2) Disease causing agents
3) Plant nutrients
4) Synthetic organic compounds
5) Oil
6) Inorganic chemicals and mineral substances
7) Sediments
8) Radioactive materials
9) Heat

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Pollution

Why treat
Water ?
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Pollution

 To prevent the spread of diseases

 To protect water resources

 To fulfill water demand

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Approach

• Prevention
• Control
• Rehabilitation

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Approach

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

Water Diseases

• Typhoid Fever
• Itai-Itai
• Cholera

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

 Read it loud!!!!!

“Water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our
planet.  Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen
and oxygen, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for everything on
our planet to grow and prosper.  Although we as humans recognize this fact, we
disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Subsequently, we are
slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at
a very alarming rate. 

In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly
affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes.  In order to
combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of
the solution “

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT