FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

(BDA 4033)
Lecture Module 4: One Dimensional Elements

Dr. Saifulnizan bin Jamian

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Topics to Discuss

Linear elements

Quadratic elements

Cubic elements

Global, local and natural coordinates

Isoparametric elements

Objective: To introduce the concepts of 1-D

elements and shape functions and their
properties.
Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Linear elements
Temperature distribution?

May be approximated by a combination of linear functions.

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Linear elements
Temperature distribution?

Tbase

Tfluid

Base

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Linear elements
Linear temperature distribution for a typical element

According to BCs

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Linear elements
Then, the unknowns are

Thus, element temperature

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Linear elements
Define the shape function

So, the temperature distribution

<= for deflection in

structural element
Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Properties of Shape
Functions
1. Has a value of unity at its corresponding node and zero at
others.

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Properties of Shape
Functions
2. Summation of all shape functions is equal to 1.

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Example Problem 4-1

Tfluid=50

Tbase=50C

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Example Problem 4-1

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Quadratic elements
Increase the accuracy by increasing the number of linear
elements.
Or, by using higher order interpolation functions.
Quadratic approximation.

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Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

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Quadratic elements
3 equations and 3 unknowns

Rearrange

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Quadratic elements
The shape functions

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Cubic elements
For additional accuracy => higher order interpolation
functions

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Cubic elements
Solving for all constants and rearranging terms

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

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Cubic elements
The shape functions

Lecture Module 4

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Lagrange interpolation
functions
To obtain the shape functions

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Global, Local, and Natural

Coordinates
Global: to represent the location of each node, orientation of
each element, and to apply BCs and loads.
Local and Natural: because their certain advantages when
we construct the geometry or compute integrals.

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

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Global, Local, and Natural

Coordinates
1-D linear natural coordinates
Natural coordinates are basically local coordinates in a
dimensionless form.
Offer the convenience of having -1 and 1 for the limits of
integration.
Natural shape functions

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

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Global, Local, and Natural

Coordinates
1-D linear natural coordinates

Lecture Module 4

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Isoparametric elements
We can represent other variables, such as the displacement
in term of shape functions.

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

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Isoparametric elements

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

Example Problem 4-2

Determine the temperature of the fin in Example 4-1 at the
global location X=8 cm using local coordinates. Also
determine the temperature of the fin at the global location
X=7.5 cm using natural coordinates.
Tfluid=50

Tbase=50C

Lecture Module 4

Dr. Saifulnizan Jamian

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Example Problem 4-2

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Example Problem 4-2

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Isoparametric elements
1-D Natural Quadratic and Cubic Shape Functions

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Example Problem 4-2

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Exercise

Lecture Module 4

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Lecture Module 5

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

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