FINISHES

CONCRETE SURFACE FINISHES

TILE FINISHES
FLOOR FINISHES
WOOD FLOORING FINISHES
CEILING FINISHES
PAINT FINISHES
FINISHING MATERIALS

(For Walls) Concrete Surface Finishes:

1.1 Stucco or Cement Plaster Finish

(For Walls) Concrete Surface Finishes:

Rubbed Finish
This consists of

grinding down the

surface of the
concrete a day or two
after it is poured.

(For Walls) Concrete Surface

Finishes:
Brushed

Finish

Finished is

obtained by
scrubbing or
brushing the
concrete surface
with fiber or wire
brushes and
water to remove
the surface
mortar.

(For Walls) Concrete Surface Finishes:

Tooled Finish
Concrete surface may

be finished by tooling
by any methods
employed for dressing
or finishing natural
stone.

(For Walls) Concrete Surface Finishes:

Sand Blast Finish
Very much the same in

appearance as that
obtained by brushing the
concrete while it is still
green.
Concrete should be
thoroughly hardened
before sand-blasting.

(For Walls) Concrete Surface Finishes:

Exposed Aggregate

Finish
The color is

obtained from
aggregate and not
by adding coloring
material to the
mixture.

(For Floors) Concrete Surface Finishes:

Wood Float Finish
The concrete aggregate is forced below the surface,

the surface is then leveled with a straight wood screed

and while the concrete is not firmly set, it is given a
float finish with straight flat wood trowels called float.

(For Floors) Concrete Surface Finishes:

Steel-Trowelled Finish
Before the concrete

finally sets the entire

surface is steeltrowelled.

(For Floors) Concrete Surface Finishes:

Integral colored cement finish (floors)

Granolithic and Terrazzo Floor Finishes

a. Granolithic Finish

It is called granolithic
because fine aggregate
chips were originally used in
the aggregates.
Finely ground corundum
may also be a part of the
aggregates to produce an
enduring and non-clip
surface.

Granolithic and Terrazzo Floor Finishes

b. Terrazzo Finish
- it is used for floor and
bases where durability,
resistance to wear and
minimal maintenance are
necessary.

Tile Finishes
Cement Tile
Manufactured by

pressing in moulds a
plastic mixture of
cement and sand.
Thickness of cement
tile is 1. Common
sizes are 8x8, 12x12
and 16 x 16.

Tile Finishes
Ceramic Tile
Are small surfacing units made from clay or mixture

of clay.
Tiles differ principally in
(1) Composition of the body
(2) Surface finish (glazed or unglazed)
(3) Process of manufacture
(4) The degree of vitrification or fusion of tiles after
firing

is the transformation of a substance into a glass.

In ceramics it is the permeability to water.

(1) Composition
Tiles are made of compounded and natural clay

bodies. Those made of compound bodies

contains:
(1) Plastics high bonding power and fluxing
ability
(2) Filler reduces shrinkage in drying and firing
which prevents deformation under heat.
(3) Flux solvents which melts under intense heat
and fuses the heat elements into mass. (the
most widely used flux is feldspar)

(2) Surface Finish

Unglazed Tiles derived their color and texture

from materials of which the body is made.

Glazed Tiles have a glassy surface of ceramic
materials fused upon their face to give them a
decorative appearance.

(3) Manufacture
Dust-press process
Tiles shaped in steel dies by applying heavy

pressure to the damp ceramic mix while it it finely

pulverized.
Plastic Process
Tiles are shaped from clay rendered plastic by

mixing with sufficient water. They are made by hand

moulding or by extrusion from machine.

Types of Ceramic Tiles

Glazed Interior Tiles
Non-vitreous product made by the dust-press process.

Types of Ceramic Tiles

Ceramic Mosaic Tiles
Tiles less than 6sq.in in facial area preponderantly

unglazed and having fully vitrified or fairly dense

bodies.

Types of Ceramic Tiles

Unglazed Weather proof Tiles
Durable tiles with semi-vitreous body and are

suitable for use on all walls both interior and

exterior and all floors except those subject to
heavy wear.
Pavers
Standard unglazed tiles resembling ceramic

mosaic.

Resilient Floor Finishes

Vinyl Tile and Sheet
Vinyl flooring is recommended where a colorful,

textured tough, durable, easily maintained type of floor

is required.
Should not be used in exterior floor surfaces.
Rubber Tile and Sheet
It is the quietest floor possible with the exception of

thick cork tile

Its color are more brilliant than those of other types.
Not resistant to soap, oil and many household
solvents.

Resilient Floor Finishes

Linoleum Tile and Sheet
Linoleum is resilient, waterproof floor covering

consist of a backing covered with thick layer of

wearing surface.
It should not be used on concrete slab below grade
and subflooring where dampness can penetrate
from below.

Wood Flooring Finishes

Strip Flooring
Consists of tongue and grooved boards.

Wood Flooring Finishes

Plank Flooring
Consist of square-edged boards commonly found in

old-spanish period houses.

Usually faced-nailed.
Parquet Tile Flooring
Also called as block flooring, consists of square

pieces or blocks which have been built up in several

layers like plywood and having a veneered surface,

Ceiling Finishes
Ceiling Board
Shiplapped boards with a bead running along the

center if the board and along the joint.

Ceiling Finishes
Acoustic Tile
Used for ceiling and wall finishes in rooms where it

is required to control sound by absorption.

(1) Cellulose Fiber tiles made from compressed
sugar cane or wood fibers
(2) Mineral wool tile felted rock wool with fissured
surface.
(3) Glass Fiber Tile made of fiber glass held
together by binder.

Paint Finishes
Transparent Finishing Materials
Wood Stains
Are composed of pigments and liquid solvents of water, oil
or alcohol.
(1) Oil Stains derived form earth clays
(2) Water Stains made from aniline dyes and mineral
extracts which have been dissolved in hot water
(3) Spirit Stains mixed with alcohol- solution aniline
powders and warmed alcohol

Paint Finishes
Transparent Finishing Materials
Wood Fillers
(1) Paste Fillers Filler is applied with the grain and allowed to
dry flat for about 10 minutes. It is wiped off across the grain
with burlap or coarse materials.
(2) Crack Filters they are used for filling nails, holes, cracks
and dents.
(3) Shellac made by refining seed lac and its natural color is
orange. Used to cover knots before priming lead and oil coat
is applied to prevent discoloration.
(4) Varnish it contains no pigment and hardens into a
smooth, hard and glossy coat by the oxidation of the oil or
by the evaporation of the alcohol.

Opaque Finishing Materials

Paint
Mixture of pigment and a vehicle.
Pigments is that solid, finely ground portion which

gives the paint the power to obscure, hide or color

the surface.
Vehicle is the fluid portion of the paint. Consists of
Binder - which forms the film
Driers speed up formulation of the film
Volatile solvent known as thinner facilitates application

and distribution.

Types of Paint
Oil Paint- principal paint for exterior wood surfaces.
Synthetic latex (rubber base) paints preferred paint

for plaster, cement, concrete and masonry. They

have the tendencies to turn yellow because they
absorb very little oxygen from the air.
Portland cement-base paints water base paints
used for painting concrete and masonry surfaces.
Enamel Paints paints use varnish as a vehicle.
They have glossy, semi-glossy or matt finish.
Rust- inhibiting paints protective paints for metals.

Paint Behaviour and Defects

A paint film will remain an effective protective

coating for a period of three to five years

depending upon the locality and the
characteristics of the original surface.
3 main cause of defective paint
(1) Improper paint formulation
(2) Inadequate surface preparation and careless

application
(3) Faulty construction or building materials

DEFECTS
Excessive or
premature
chalking

Sagging and
running

Storm
spotting

Description

CAUSE

Surface dusting

and rapid thinning

of the film

sometimes wood.
Irregular wavy
lines that texture
an smooth finish
film

Occurring after

continuous rains
and electric storms

Due to improper
formulation
paint application
Too low pigment
volume
heavy careless
application
formed by
electrical
discharge

Washing

Streaking on the
surface, fading
color

Water soluble in
pigments of poor
paints

Stains

Discolorations

Water dripping

PREVENTION

high standards of
paint formulation
and application

proper proportion
of pigments
careful brushing

Rubbing spots
with alcohol

Paints are not

applied during
high humidity
and low temp.

Apply coatings
Repainting

Chalking

Storm

Stains

DEFECTS

Description

Checking

Minute cracks
on the surface
of elastic paint

CAUSE

Improper
application
Improper
formulation

PREVENTION

Alligatoring

Advance state
of checking

Cracking and
Scaling

Irregular cracks
that curl at the
edge

Blistering and
Peeling

Swelling of the
entire film
followed by
break in film
then peel

Poor formulation
with too much oil

Common with

improper
formulated to local
conditions

Water pressure
from behind the
film
Moisture seepage

Wire brushing to
affected areas
Repainting
Removal of the
film
Repainting

Formulation of
tougher elastic
film.
Removal of paint
then repainting
Permanent
removal of
moisture sources
waterproofing

Checking

Blistering

Cracking and

Spot Fading

Wrinkling

Color changes
and flating of
gloss irregular
patches

Marked by a
tough, leather like
texturing

Spot Fading

Uneven oil
absorption
Insufficient
coats

Repainting
Exercise of
proper painting
techniques

Paint put is too

thick
Not well
brushed

Brushing out of
application

Thank you..