Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies

the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of

the reactors in which they take place.
TODAYS LECTURE
Introduction
Definitions
General Mole Balance Equation
Batch
CSTR
PFR
PBR

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually
every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer
from other engineers.
Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction
Engineering (CRE) are:
CPI (Chemical Process Industries)
Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron

Materials on the Web and CDROM

http://www.engin.umich.edu/~cre/

Developing Critical Thinking Skills

Socratic Questioning
is the
Heart of Critical Thinking
R. W. Pauls Nine Types of Socratic
Questions

Lets Begin CRE

Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is
the field that studies the rates and
mechanisms of chemical reactions and the
design of the reactors in which they take
place.

Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.

Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical
identity.
The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number,
and configuration of that species atoms.

Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
1. Decomposition

Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
1. Decomposition

2. Combination

Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted
when it has lost its chemical identity.
1. Decomposition

2. Combination

3. Isomerization

Reaction Rate
The reaction rate is the rate at which a
species looses its chemical identity per unit
volume.

Reaction Rate
The reaction rate is the rate at which a
species looses its chemical identity per unit
volume.
The rate of a reaction (mol/dm3/s) can be
expressed as either
the rate of Disappearance:

-rA

or as
the rate of Formation (Generation): rA

Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization

AB

rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume

-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume

Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB
If Species B is being formed at a rate of
0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s

Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s

Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s
The rate of formation (generation of A) is
rA= -0.2 mole/dm3/s

Reaction Rate
For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -r A',
which is the rate of disappearance of
species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
(mol/gcat/s)
NOTE: dCA/dt is not the rate of reaction

Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
rj is the rate of formation of species j per
unit volume [e.g. mol/dm 3/s]

Reaction Rate
rj is the rate of formation of species j per
unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
rj is a function of concentration,
temperature, pressure, and the type of
catalyst (if any)

Reaction Rate
rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm3/s]
rj is a function of concentration, temperature,
pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
rj is independent of the type of reaction system
(batch reactor, plug flow reactor, etc.)

Reaction Rate
rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm3/s]
rj is a function of concentration, temperature,
pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
rj is independent of the type of reaction
system (batch, plug flow, etc.)
rj is an algebraic equation, not a
differential equation

General Mole Balance

General Mole Balance

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

CSTR
Mole Balance

Plug Flow Reactor

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Theintegralformis:

dF A
FA 0 rA

FA

Thisisthevolumenecessarytoreducetheenteringmolarflowrate(mol/s)fromF A0tothe
exitmolarflowrateofFA.

Packed Bed Reactor

Mole Balance
PBR
FA0 FA

rdW
A

Theintegralformtofindthecatalystweightis:

dNA
dt

dFA
FA 0 rA

FA

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Fast Forward to the Future

Thursday March 20th, 2008
Reactors with Heat Effects

Production of Propylene Glycol in an Adiabatic

CSTR

What are the exit conversion X and exit temperature T?

Solution
Let the reaction be represented by

KEEPING UP

Separations

Filtration

Distillation

These topics do not build upon one another

Adsorption

Reaction Engineering

MoleBalance

RateLaws

These topics build upon one another

Stoichiometry

HeatEffects
IsothermalDesign
Stoichiometry
RateLaws
MoleBalance

MoleBalance

RateLaws

HeatEffects
IsothermalDesign
Stoichiometry
RateLaws
MoleBalance

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

Mole Balance

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

Mole Balance

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

Mole Balance

CSTR
Mole Balance

CSTR
Mole Balance

Plug Flow Reactor

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Theintegralformis:

dF A
FA 0 rA

FA

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Theintegralformis:

dF A
FA 0 rA

FA

Thisisthevolumenecessarytoreducetheenteringmolarflowrate(mol/s)fromF A0tothe
exitmolarflowrateofFA.

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR
FA0 FA

rdW
A

dNA
dt

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR
FA0 FA

rdW
A

dNA
dt

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR
FA0 FA

rdW
A

dNA
dt

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR
FA0 FA

rdW
A

Theintegralformtofindthecatalystweightis:

dNA
dt

dFA
FA 0 rA

FA

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Asynchronous Video Series
Chapter 1:
General Mole Balance Equation
Applied to
Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs,
and PBRs

http://www.engin.umich.edu/~cre

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually
every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer
from other engineers.
Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction
Engineering (CRE) are:
CPI (Chemical Process Industries)
Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron
Pharmaceutical Antivenom, Drug Delivery
Medicine Tissue Engineering, Drinking and Driving

Compartments for perfusion

Alcohol

Stomach
VG = 2.4 l

Gastrointestinal
VG = 2.4 l
tG = 2.67 min
Liver
VL = 2.4 l
tL = 2.4 min

Perfusion interactions between

compartments are shown by arrows.
VG, VL, VC, and VM are -tissue water
volumes for the gastrointestinal,
liver, central and muscle
compartments, respectively.
VS is the stomach contents volume.

Central
VC = 15.3 l
tC = 0.9 min

Muscle & Fat

VM = 22.0 l
tM = 27 min

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every
chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other
engineers.
Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction
Engineering (CRE) are:
CPI (Chemical Process Industries)
Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron
Pharmaceutical Antivenom, Drug Delivery
Medicine Pharmacokinetics, Drinking and Driving
Microelectronics CVD

Reaction Rate

Consider the isomerization AB

rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume

Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization AB

rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume

-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume

Reactor Mole Balance Summary