HIPERLAN

HIPERLAN
WLAN allowing for node mobility and supporting adhoc and infrastructure-based topologies.
supporting priorities
packet life time for data transfer at 23.5 Mbit/s,
including
forwarding mechanisms,
topology discovery,
user data encryption,
network identification and
power conservation mechanisms.

range - 50 m in buildings
transmit power -1 W

HIPERLAN 1 Characteristics
Data transmission
point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, connectionless
23.5 Mbit/s, 1 W power, 2383 byte max. packet size

Services
asynchronous and time-bounded services with hierarchical
priorities
compatible with ISO MAC

Topology
infrastructure or ad-hoc networks
transmission range can be larger then coverage of a single
node (forwarding integrated in mobile terminals)

Further mechanisms
power saving, encryption, checksums

HIPERLAN 1 - CAC sublayer

Channel Access Control (CAC)
assure that terminal does not access forbidden channels
priority scheme, access with EY-NPMA

Priorities
5 priority levels for QoS support
QoS is mapped onto a priority level with the help of the
packet lifetime (set by an application)
if packet lifetime = 0 it makes no sense to forward the packet
to the receiver any longer
standard start value 500ms, maximum 16000ms
if a terminal cannot send the packet due to its current priority,
waiting time is permanently subtracted from lifetime
based on packet lifetime, waiting time in a sender and number
of hops to the receiver, the packet is assigned to one out of
five priorities
the priority of waiting packets, therefore, rises automatically

 The MSDU lifetime specifies the

maximum time that can elapse
between sending and receiving an
MSDU
The MSDU lifetime has a range of 0
16,000 ms.
The residual MSDU lifetime shows
the remaining lifetime of a packet

 the MAC layer offers functions for looking up other

HIPERLANs within radio range as well as special
power conserving functions.
Power conservation is achieved by setting up
certain recurring patterns when a node can
receive data instead of constantly being ready to
receive.
Special group-attendance patterns can be defined
to enable multicasting.
All nodes participating in a multicast group
must be ready to receive at the same time
when a sender transmits data.

 user data encryption and decryption using a

simple XOR-scheme together with random
numbers
A key is chosen from a set of keys using a key
identifier (KID) and is used together with an
initialization vector to initialize the pseudo
random number generator.
This random sequence is XORed with the user
data (UD) to generate the encrypted data.
Decryption of the encrypted UD works the same
way, using the same random number sequence.

CONT
forward data packets using several relays.
Relays can extend the communication on the MAC layer
beyond the radio range.
power conservation, a node may set up a specific wake-up
pattern.
determines at what time the node is ready to receive, so that
at other times, the node can turn off its receiver and save
energy. These nodes are called p-savers
p-supporters that contain information about the wake-up
patterns of all the p-savers they are responsible for.
A p-supporter only forwards data to a p-saver at the moment
the p-saver is awake. This action also requires buffering
mechanisms for packets on p-supporting forwarders.

 the MAC layer determines the normalized residual HMPDU

lifetime (NRL).
This is the residual lifetime divided by the estimated number
of hops the PDU has to travel.
The computation reflects both the waiting time of a PDU in the node
and the distance, and the additional waiting times in othernodes. Then
the MAC layer computes the channel access priority for each PDU
The final selection of the most important HMPDU (HIPERLAN 1 MAC
PDU) is performed in the following order:

HMPDUs with the highest priority are selected;

from these, all HMPDUs with the shortest NRL are selected;
from which finally any one without further preferences is selected from the
remaining HMPDUs.

transferring data from a sender to a receiver within the same radio

coverage, HIPERLAN 1 offers functions to forward traffic via several
other wireless nodes a feature which is especially important in
wireless ad-hoc networks without an infrastructure. This forwarding
mechanism can also be used if a node can only reach an access point
via other HIPERLAN 1 nodes.

HIPERLAN 1 - EY-NPMA I
EY-NPMA (Elimination Yield Non-preemptive Priority Multiple
Access)
3 phases: priority resolution, contention resolution, transmission
finding the highest priority

priority assertion

elimination burst

transmissionprioritization

IESV

IYS

contention

user data

IES

yield listening

IPA

elimination survival
verification

IPS
priority detection

synchronization

every priority corresponds to a time-slot to send in the first phase, the higher
the priority the earlier the time-slot to send
higher priorities can not be preempted
if an earlier time-slot for a higher priority remains empty, stations with the next
lower priority might send
after this first phase the highest current priority has been determined

transmission

HIPERLAN
1
EY-NPMA
II
Several terminals can now have the same priority and wish
to send
contention phase
Elimination Burst: all remaining terminals send a burst to eliminate
contenders (11111010100010011100000110010110, high bit- rate)
Elimination Survival Verification: contenders now sense the channel, if the
channel is free they can continue, otherwise they have been eliminated
Yield Listening: contenders again listen in slots with a nonzero probability,
if the terminal senses its slot idle it is free to transmit at the end of the
contention phase
the important part is now to set the parameters for burst duration and
channel sensing (slot-based, exponentially distributed)

data transmission
the winner can now send its data (however, a small chance of collision
remains)
if the channel was idle for a longer time (min. for a duration of 1700 bit) a
terminal can send at once without using EY-NPMA

synchronization using the last data transmission

HiperLAN2
Official name: BRAN HIPERLAN Type 2
H/2, HIPERLAN/2 also used

High data rates for users

More efficient than 802.11a

Connection oriented
QoS support
Dynamic frequency selection
Security support
Strong encryption/authentication

Mobility support
Network and application independent
convergence layers for Ethernet, IEEE 1394, ATM, 3G

Power save modes

Plug and Play

www.hiperlan2.com

HiperLAN2 architecture and

handover scenarios
AP
MT1

APT

APC

1
MT2
3
MT3

APT

APC

2
MT4

AP

APT

Core
Network
(Ethernet,
Firewire,
ATM,
UMTS)

Centralized vs. direct mode

AP
control

AP/CC
control

control

data

MT1

MT2

Centralized

MT1

data

MT2

MT1

Direct

data
control

MT2 +CC

HiperLAN2 protocol stack

Higher layers
DLC control
Convergence layer DLC user
SAP
SAP

Data link control Radio link control sublayer

basic data
Radio
DLC
Assoc.
resource
conn. transport function
control

control

control

Radio link control

Error
control

Medium access control

Physical layer

Scope of
HiperLAN2
standards

 Physical Layer: modulation, FEC,

Signal detection, Synchronization.
DLC layer-MAC Functions, RLC sub
layer, error control functions.
AP-APTs-own MAC instance.
MAC DLC
Control part
User part (error control mechanisms)

 HIPERLAN2-reliable data transmission

Broadcast transmission-repetition mode-repeating
data packets.
Radio link control sub layer-control functions
Association control function-association,
authentication, synchronization(beacon).
DLC user connection control-connection setup,
modification, release.
Radio resource control-handover between different
Aps, dynamic frequency selection, power save
mechanisms.
Convergence layer-segmentation and reassemply.

 scrambling - operations carried out in the

analogdomain.
addition of components to the original signal
or the changing of some important component
of the original signal in order to make
extraction of the original signal difficult.
FEC coding
OFDM-converts symbols into baseband signal
with the help of IFFT.
4 micro sec-3.2 micro sec useful,0.8 micro sec
guard time.
PHY bursts-preamble, payload.
Broadcast, uplink with sort preamble, uplink
with long preamble, direct link.

Physical layer reference

configuration
PDU train from DLC
(PSDU)

mapping

scrambling FEC coding interleaving

OFDM

PHY bursts
radio
(PPDU)
transmitter

Operating channels of HiperLAN2 in

Europe
36

5150

40

44

48

52

56

60

64

channel

5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320

5350 [MHz]

16.6 MHz

100

5470

140

channel

5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640 5660 5680 5700

5725
[MHz]

16.6 MHz

104

108

112

116

120

124

128

center frequency =
5000 + 5*channel number [MHz]

132

136

DATA LINK CONTROL LAYER

Broadcast phase: The AP of a cell
broadcasts the content of the current frame
plus information about the cell
(identification, status, resources).
Downlink phase: Transmission of user
data from an AP to the MTs.
Uplink phase: Transmission of user data
from MTs to an AP.
Random access phase: Capacity requests
from already registered MTs and access
requests from non-registered MTs (slotted
Aloha).

Basic structure of HiperLAN2 MAC

frames
2 ms
2 ms
2 ms
2 ms
MAC frame

MAC frame

MAC frame

MAC frame

broadcast phase
downlink phase uplink phase
variable

variable

random
access phase

variable

406

24

LCH PDU type

payload

CRC

10

396

24

LCH PDU type

sequence
number

payload

CRC

54 byte

...

TDD,
500 OFDM
symbols
per frame

bit
LCH transfer syntax
bit
UDCH transfer syntax
(long PDU)

Broadcast channel (BCH): This channel conveys basic information

for the radio cell to all MTs. This comprises the identification and
current transmission power of the AP. Furthermore, the channel
contains pointers to the FCH and RCH which allows for a flexible
structure of the MAC frame. The length is 15 bytes.
Frame channel (FCH): This channel contains a directory of the
downlink and uplink phases (LCHs, SCHs, and empty parts). This
also comprises the PHY mode used. The length is a multiple of 27
bytes.
Access feedback channel (ACH): This channel gives feedback to
MTs regarding the random access during the RCH of the previous
frame. As the access during the RCHs is based on slotted Aloha,
collision at the AP may occur. The ACH signals back which slot was
successfully transmitted. The length is 9 bytes.
Long transport channel (LCH): This channel transports user and
control data for downlinks and uplinks. The length is 54 bytes.
Short transport channel (SCH): This channel transports control
data for downlinks and uplinks. The length is 9 bytes.
Random channel (RCH): This channel is needed to give an MT the
opportunity to send information to the AP/CC even without a granted
SCH. Access is via slotted Aloha so, collisions may occur. Collision
resolution is performed with the help of an exponential back-off
scheme (ETSI, 2001b). The length is 9 bytes. A maximum number of
31 RCHs is currently supported.

Valid configurations of HiperLAN2 MAC

frames
2 ms
2 ms
2 ms
2 ms
MAC frame

MAC frame

broadcast

MAC frame

downlink

MAC frame
uplink

random
access

BCH

FCH

ACH DL phaseDiL phaseUL phase

RCHs

BCH

FCH

ACH

RCHs

BCH

FCH

ACH DL phase

UL phase

RCHs

BCH

FCH

ACH

UL phase

RCHs

BCH

FCH

ACH DL phaseDiL phase

RCHs

BCH

FCH

ACH

RCHs

BCH

FCH

ACH DL phase

RCHs

BCH

FCH

ACH

RCHs

DiL phaseUL phase

DiL phase

...

Valid
combinations
of MAC frames
for a single
sector AP

Long transport channel

Short transport channel
Random channel
Broadcast channel
Frame channel
Access feedback chann

Mapping of logical and transport

channels
BCCH

FCCH

RFCH

LCCH

RBCH

DCCH

UDCH

UBCH

UMCH

downlink
BCH

FCH

ACH

UDCH

DCCH

LCCH

LCH

SCH

RCH

uplink

SCH

ASCH

UDCH

LCH

UBCH

UMCH

DCCH RBCH

LCH

LCCH

SCH

direct link

Broadcast control channel - Frame Control channel - Random access feedback

channel
RLC broadcast channel - Dedicated control channel - User broadcast channel
User multi-cast channel - User data channel - Link control channel - Association
control channel