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Introduction
Necessity to provide bulk electric power economically.
Bulk electric power can be achieved by the help of suitable power producing units
called Power Plants / Electric Power Generating Stations.
The design of power plant should in corporate two important aspects.
I. Selection and placing of necessary power generating equipment, such that
a maximum of return will result from a minimum of expenditure over the
working life of the plant.
II. The operation of the plant should provide cheep, reliable and continuous
services.
Generating Station
A generating station essentially employs a prime mover coupled to an alternator
for producing of electric power.
The prime mover (Steam turbine, water turbine and etc) converts some form of
energy to mechanical energy.
Then alternator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
The electrical energy produced by generating station is transmitted and distributed
with the help of transmission line to various consumers.
Auxiliary equipment and instruments are also employed to ensure cheap, reliable
and continuous service.
Disadvantages
It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes.
Problem 2.1: A steam power generating station has an overall efficiency of 20%
and 0.6 kg of coal is burnt per kWh of electrical energy generated. Calculate
calorific value of fuel.
Solution:
(i) * = 0.85*0.9
(ii)
=
Coal Consumption/annum =
Annual Coal bill
No hazardous effects*.
It does not require long starting time like steam power station.
Disadvantages
High cost of transmission lines as plant is located at the hilly areas which are quiet away
from the consumers.
Problem 2.9: Calculate the average power in kW that can be generated in the
hydroelectric project from the following data:
;
If the load factor is 40%. What is the rating of generator installed?
Solution:
Solution:
= 81620 kW
The maximum capacity of generators to be installed is 81620 kW
Sun
500
Mon
520
Tue
850
Wed
800
Thurs
875
Fri
900
Sat
546
The plant has an effective head of 15m and an overall efficiency of 85%. If the plant
operates on 40% load factor, estimate (i) average daily discharge. (ii)Pondage
required. (iii) Installed Capacity of proposed plant.
Solution:
(i)
(ii)It is clear from the graph that on three days (viz. Sun, Mon and Sat) the
discharge is less than the average discharge.
Advantages
The plant does not operate satisfactorily under overload condition for a longer period.
It can be started quickly and can pick up the load in a very short time.
Problem 2.14: A diesel power station has fuel consumption of 0.28 kg/kWh, the
calorific value of fuel being 10,000 kcal/kg. Determined (i) The overall efficiency
and (ii) Efficiency of the engine if alternator efficiency is 95%.
Solution:
(i)
Solution:
Advantages
It is much smaller in size as compared to the steam power station of the same capacity.
The initial and operating costs are much lower than the equivalent steam power station.
Net output is low. Since greater part of power developed by the turbine is used in driving
the compressor.
The overall efficiency of such a plant is low (about 20%). Because the exhaust gases from
the turbine contain sufficient heat.
The temperature of combustion chamber is quiet high (3000F). So that its life is
comparatively reduced.
No standby losses**.