COMPRESSED

NATURAL GAS

Presented by

Ankit Omar

Maharshi Singh

M.Tech (Automobile)

WHAT IS CNG?

CNG is the compressed form of the Natural gas, which

is using for power generation.
Natural gas is drawn mainly from gas wells or in
conjunction with crude oil production. And also from
coal and biogas.
Natural gas is compressing to around 200- 240 bar to
obtain CNG.

CNG mainly consists of methane ( 80 - 95%).

CNGs octane rating is 110.

HISTORY

Natural gas has long been considered an alternative

fuel for the transportation sector.
In fact, the first internal combustion engine vehicle to
run on natural gas was created by Etienne Lenoir in
1860!
The First Natural Gas Vehicle 1860

CURRENT STATUS

CNG is mainly using for automobile and power generation

applications.
Worldwide there are approximately 12.4 million CNG
vehicles by 2010.
In India CNG is using for the metropolitan city transports
and in passenger cars.
Delhi having a large number CNG vehicles and filling
stations in India.
GAIL is the main supplier of CNG in India.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
NATURAL GAS
Component

Typical Analysis

Range

(mole %)

(mole %)

Methane

95.2

87.0 - 96.0

Ethane

2.5

1.5 - 5.1

Propane

0.2

0.1 - 1.5

Iso - Butane

0.03

0.01 - 0.3

Normal - Butane

0.03

0.01 - 0.3

Iso - Pentane

0.01

trace - 0.14

normal - Pentane

0.01

trace - 0.04

Hexanes plus

0.01

trace - 0.06

Nitrogen

1.3

0.7 - 5.6

Carbon Dioxide

0.7

0.1 - 1.0

Oxygen

0.02

0.01 - 0.1

Hydrogen

trace

trace - 0.02

Specific Gravity

0.58

0.57 - 0.62

PROPERTIES OF CNG

CNG is used in its primary gasiform state.

Colourless, Odourless and Tasteless gas.

CNG is cheaper than gasoline fuels.

Lighter than atmospheric air.

CNG is measuring in Kg.

Not contain Lead and Sulphur.

High octane rating.

COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF CNG

Ignition Point:

593oC *

Flammability Limits

4% - 16% (volume % in
air) *

Theoretical Flame Temperature (stoichiometric

air/fuel ratio)

1960oC (3562oF)

Maximum Flame Velocity

0.3 m/s

Relative density (specific gravity)

0.58

CNG CONVERSION

CNG CONVERSION CONTINUED.

CNG VEHICLE (NGV) SYSTEM

CNG VEHICLE (NGV) SYSTEM

CONTD.

COMPARISON

Comparison of emission characteristics

ADVANTAGES

Cheaper than gasoline fuels

Less pollution

No transportation losses

Increased safety as compared to LPG

CNG powered vehicle has,

1.Lower maintenance cost.
2. No evaporation losses.
3.Increase life of lubricating oil.

DISADVANTAGES

Non-renewable source.

CNG need more space for fuel storage.

While filling gas, tank is get heated up.

Comparatively less power compared with gasoline

engines.

CONCLUSION

CNG is the best source of energy.

It reduces the greenhouse gases.

Sources of CNG is larger than the gasoline fuels.

Increasing demand of CNG vehicles shows the

acceptance of CNG fuel.
CNG and DIESEL combination (DNG) is also
using in Heavy vehicles.