TOURISM CONCEPT AND

IMPACTS

An overview of the subject

 A Journey from its Origin to

Industry
Understanding its Types, Forms,
Nature ,Components, Nature and
Characteristics
Understanding Tourism Demand,
Motivation, Tourism Supply
,Relationship of demand and Supply
Tourist Destination, Understanding
tourist influences, Tourist flow
,pattern and various other aspects

 National and International Organizations

ITDC
STDC
ASI
Ministries of Railway
Civil Aviation in Tourism
IATA
IATO
TAAI
FHRAI
ICAO

Socio cultural impact of tourism

Economic impact of tourism
Cost and benefits of tourism
Impact assessment and management
Environment impact assessment and audit
Concept of Carrying Capacity
Emerging trends and new thrust areas in
tourism
Alternative tourism
eco tourism

 Guideline for Economic

Development
Dealing with case study of various
tourist destination
GOA
KULLU
HIMANCHAL PRADESH
SIKKIM

WHAT IS TOURISM
Tourism is derived from the word TOUR
Tour is derived from Latin word Torons which
means completing a circle or turners wheel
Tourism is concerned with consuming goods and
services.
It is temporary break from normal work routine
to engage with experiences that contrast with
everyday life.

 Tourism has also become a status symbol in

modern society
Thought to be necessary for ones health
As per studies, people devote almost 40% of
their free time into tourism activities in
developed countries.
Largest source of employment
Income Generator to Economy
A tool to bind different cultures of a country

CONCEPT OF TOURISM
Pleasure Holiday
Going or arriving somewhere
Arises from Motivation which forces
people to leave their normal place of
residence and work for short term.
Temporarily movement to visit other
Places.
Concerned with Consuming of Goods &
Services

 Consist of two basic element :

A)JOURNEY TO THE DESTINATION
B)STAY AT DESTINATION
Journey and Stay should be outside
normal place of Residence & work.
Movement to any destination is with an
intention to return within few days
A tourist is expected to spend at least
minimum of 24 hrs and maximum of 6
months at the destination.

 Any destination is visited without an

intention of taking up permanent
residence or employment.
Its a Leisure activity which involves a
discretionary use of time & money.
Tourism is all about Recreation and
often its main purpose is to participate
as much as into tourist activity.

Tourism has three main aspects:A} purpose of travel or visit( Motivation)

B} Time element should be defined
(Minimum & Maximum)
C}Much of Tourism is characterized by
seasonality and disposable income.

Technically speaking Tourism

Comprises of activities undertaken
by the tourist to satisfy their
respective urges during in &
enroute their destination and the
tourist system within which the
tourism Industry works.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF TOURISM
Tourism was of the concrete form of recreational activity
available to man during pre industrial era and specially for
elite group
Crossing social Line : Transformation of Elite practice into
Everyones activity
19th century: Industrial revolution
1920: Traveling for business and in search of trade became
basic motive

 1930-50 : Mass Tourism became a

phenomenon
During this period, international tourism
formed about 5 % of tourist activity
1950-1970 : Age of domestic Paid Holiday
II World War : By end of II world war
Europe witnessed huge growth of mass
domestic tourism
During this period, more focus was on
development and promotion of Domestic
tourism

 By 1970s foreign holidays accounted for

20% of long vacations by Americans, Britons
and Europeans.
Then focus of tourist diverted towards Sea
side Resorts, Spas ,National Parks ,Natural
beauty
Season of budget holidays within vintcity of
locality
Key Role was played by jet aircraft. Low air
fares lead to mass tourism

 Early 20th century : Private Operators

provided Cheap accommodation, mass
Catering, Cheap travel gave birth to
increasing travel.
Britain ,France and Germany became
leader in Manmade attractions which in
turns motivated people to travel.
Mid 20th century : Age of Packaging tours
came. Tourism suppliers started marketing
their skills with package tours or all
inclusive tour.

21st century
Increasingly sophisticated market research
lead to concept of diversity among tourist.
Expertise
in
Tourism
,Educated
Professionals' in tourism emerged with
new forms of Tourism
Countries around the world Started
noticing the impact of tourism on national
and global Economy
Destination began to identify themselves
with tourist by providing alternative
tourism

 Soon destinations started becoming

Tourist Ghettos (Looked alike and
offered facilities that were standardized)
Today again ,destinations are emerging
with Ethnic types ,Culture, Folklores,
different manmade and natural attractions.
Different ways and means to make host
population tourism friendly is being taken
up.
New thrust areas of tourism is trying to be
identified.

 Now ,in 21st Century Tourism has become

human right.
Slowly tourism started developing as
industry because Governments become
conscious of its value as an item of World
Trade.
Its contribution to Employment and
Income Generation has lead to re think
about tourism as mushrooming Industry

TYPES OF TOURISM

1.
2.
3.

ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN & DESTINY

Incoming Tourism
Outgoing Tourism
Internal Tourism
ON THE BASIS OF MOVEMENT
PATTERNS
1. Residential Tourism
2. Seasonal Tourism
3. Roving Tourism


1.
2.

1.
2.
3.
4.

On the Basis of the Seasonal Character of

Tourism
Winter Tourism
Summer Tourism
On the Basis of Incentives
Recreational Tourism
Pleasure Tourism
Sporting Tourism
Business Tourism

On the Basis of Socio Economic Aspect

1. Self financing Tourism

2. Social tourism

On the basis of Range

1. Domestic Tourism
2. International Tourism

On the Basis of Purpose of Visit

1. Holiday Tourism
2. Conference Tourism/Business Tourism

On the basis of Common Interest

1.
2.
3.
4.

VFR
Study /Research Tourism
Religious Tourism
Rest and Relaxation

On the basis of Sociological Aspects

1. Mass Tourism
2. Popular Tourism
3. Social Tourism

On the Basis of Tourism Product

1. Mass Tourism
2. Alternative Tourism
On the basis of Nature of Activity
1. Adventure Tourism
2. Eco Tourism
3. Beach Tourism
4. Sightseeing Tourism
5. Cruise Tourism
6. Medical Tourism


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.

On the Basis of Location

Coastal
Rural
City/Urban
Mountain
Lake
On the basis of duration of Trip & Distance
Travelled
Day Trip
Weekend Break
Annual Holiday
Business

Forms of Tourism
Culture Tourism
Health Tourism
Special Interest Tourism
Wildlife Tourism
Sustainable Tourism
VFR

Virtual Tourism
Heritage Tourism
Nature based tourism

Types of Tourist
Tourist
One who makes a tour;
A sightseeing traveler;
A person who makes journey for the sake
of curiosity or for the sake of telling others
that he has traveled;
Main factor of tourism market

 Final consumer of tourist products

Is a person who visit any destination for
temporary period of time without engaging
into earning activity at a destination and
spends his income for leisure and pleasure.

Excursionist
A person staying for less than 24hrs at a
place;
A person traveling for pleasure for a period
of less than 24 hrs to a place other than
where is resides but within his boundaries;

 Excursionist is also called day visitor;

Tour outside the limits but however in the
boundaries of his own area;
A temporary visitor staying less than 24 hrs
at any destination is called excursionist.

Traveler
A person who travels because of different
business reasons;
To attend MICE;
They normally belongs to upper or middle
management rank;

 These people are influential people by the

opinions about destination;
They travel for short period of time;
They generally travel for their work;
If they get any free time after their work
then, they take up leisure and pleasure
activities;

BACKPAKERS
18-24 yrs of age;
Attracted towards adventure activity;

 Consider themselves as travelers not

tourist;
Generally well educated;
Cost conscious.

DINKS
DOUBLE INCOME NO KIDS
Working Spouses generally comes under
this category;
Between 25-35 years of age.

 SINKS
SINGLE INCOME NO KIDS
Generally 25-35 years of age;

Empty Nesters
Parents who children's have flown the
family nest ;
Between 45-55 yrs of age;
Well educated;
High Disposable Income.

 Boomers
Who move to different destinations just to
boom about their self esteem

Youth
Between 18-25 years of age;
Not well Educated;
Low disposable income;
Used to travel a lot;
Travel in search of good life.

 Foreign Tourist
A person who cross boundaries of his own
country to visit another country.

Domestic Tourist
A person who travels within his boundaries.

Components of Tourism
Industry
1. PRIMARY
2. SECONDARY

PRIMARY COMOPNENTS
ATTRACTIONS
1.Natural Attractions
Country Side
Climate : Rains ,Snow,Sunshine
Natural Beauty : Landforms,Hills,Rocks,Terrains
Water : Lake ,Ponds,Rivers,Water Falls
Flora & fauna : Hunting ,Fishing,Natural Parks
Wild Life : zoo ,National Parks
Beaches
Sanctuaries
Spas
Safari
Out-Fitter
Scenic Attractions

2.Manmade Attractions
Fort
Palaces
Mansions
Castles
Amusements parks
Theme parks
Museums
Havelis
Step wells
Monuments
All other Structures constructed by Human

ACCESSIBILITY
1.To the Destination
2. Within the Destination
ACCOMMODATION
CATERING / FOOD & BEVERAGES

 INTERMEDIARIES

T.A.

T.O.

GUIDES

GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENTS/TOURIST
INFORMATION CENTERS/TOURISM
ORGANIZATIONS

SECONDARY COMPONENTS
Shops & Emporiums
Handicrafts & Souvenirs
Local Taxi
Hawkers & Coolies
Communication Services
Touts & Brokers
Advertisement Agencies

 Publishing Industry
Artist & Performers
Shopping Malls & Centers
Financial Institutions
Host Population
Infrastructure

water supply system

sewage disposal system
Natural or Artificial Gas Lines
Electric connection system
Drainage System

Airport Runways
Access drives
Facilities at Airport
Marine and Dock Facilities
Bus and Train Stations Facilities
Railway Lines
Other Tourism Installation
Highway
Road Drive
Parking Lots
Night Lighting

NATURE AND CHARCTERSTICS OF

TOURISM

Tourism is a complex activity

It has dynamic element ` It arises from the
movement of people to various destination.
It has static elements arises from their stay
at the destination.
Tourism is a distinct activity.
The movement of the people is temporary
and of a short term character.

 Tourism is a non remunerative.

Tourism is multi dimensional phenomenon.
Purchase or sale in tourism market is never
visible
Tourism industry is also marked by
seasonal rhythm
This industry more or less is dominated by
the changing ideas and attitudes of its
customers.
The nature of tourism is as commercial
activity