Reproduksi karang

REPRODUKSI KARANG

SEPERTIGA DARI KARANG HERMATIPIC MERUPAKAN KARANG

HERMAPRODIT
HERMAPRODIT SELAMANYA
HERMAPRODIT TERGANTUNG KEADAAN
SISA DARI KOLONI TERDIRI DARI JANTAN DAN BETINA;
SEMENTARA PADA KARANG SOLITER, TERDIRI DARI JANTAN
SAJA, ATAU BETINA SAJA.

Reproduksi karang

Seksual
(Pembuahan gamet)

Dalam tubuh
(Brooding/planulator)

Aseksual

Di luar tubuh
(Broodcast spawning)

Proses pembuahan kedua sel

gamet (jantan dan betina)
terjadi di dalam tubuh polip,
yakni dalam rongga tubuh
(gastrovascular cavity) ,
sampai menjadi planula,
kemudian baru dilepaskan ke
perairan.

Broadcast spawning. Proses

pembuahan sel-sel gamet
(jantan dan betina) terjadi
di perairan setelah
dilepaskan oleh polip-polip
karang.

3 Spawning in hermaphrodite corals. 1 An Acropora showing egg

and sperm bundles that have moved to the mouths of the polyps
just prior to spawning. 2 A Platygyra with egg and sperm bundles
that have just been released. 3 A Favia showing the upwardmoving shower of egg and sperm bundles that can come from a
single colony. 1 Great Barrier Reef, Australia 2 Kuwait 3 Lord Howe
Island, south-eastern Australia. Photographs: 1 Valerie Taylor 2, 3
Sumber:
Peter
Harrisohttp://coral.aims.gov.au/info/reproduction-

3 Spawning in separately-sexed corals. 1, 2 Male and female Galaxea.

The male (1) has a white globule of undeveloped eggs, the female (2)
has only eggs. 3, 4 Male and female Fungia. The male (3) is releasing
a smoke-like cloud of sperm, the female (4) is releasing a stream of
eggs which are not clustered into bundles. Great Barrier Reef,
Australia Photographs: Peter Harrison.
Sumber: http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/reproductionsexual.jsp

Development of planulae from fertilised eggs. 1 A mixture of eggs

and developing embryos, still part of a slick on the ocean surface.
2 Planulae of Acropora. Planula larvae typically change shape as
they develop. The outer surface is covered with cilia allowing
some motility, the interior is darkened with zooxanthellae. Great
Barrier Reef, Australia. Photographs: Peter Harrison.
Sumber: http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/reproductionsexual.jsp

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGRUHI REPRODUKSI

THE LONG-TERM CONTROL OF SPAWNING (CONTROL OF THE

MATURATION OF GONADS) MAY BE TEMPERATURE, DAY LENGTH
AND/OR RATE OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE (EITHER INCREASING OR
DECREASING).
THE SHORT-TERM (GETTING READY TO SPAWN) CONTROL IS USUALLY
LUNAR. THE FINAL CUE (RELEASE OF SPAWN) IS USUALLY THE TIME
OF SUNSET.
THERE ARE MANY VARIATIONS ON THESE CONTROLS, PROBABLY
BECAUSE SYNCHRONY IS USUALLY LINKED TO WHATEVER
ENVIRONMENTAL CUES WORK BEST WITHIN A GIVEN REGION. CUES
MAY ALSO BE BIOLOGICAL AS WELL AS PHYSICAL AND SYNCHRONY
BY CHEMICAL MESSENGERS MAY NOT ONLY INVOLVE CORALS, BUT A
HOST OF OTHER MARINE LIFE AS WELL.

 GAMET JANTAN DILEPASKAN TERJADI SETIA BULANNYA

KHUSUSNYA PADA SAAT BULAN PENUH
PUNCAK KELIMPAHAN DAN BROODED LARVA TERJADI PADA
BULAN BARU
DIANTARA KOLONI, BROODED LARVA LEBIH BANYAK DI PUSAT
KOLONI DIBANDING PINGGIRAN KOLONI
DIANTARA KOLONI BETINA, AWAL REPRODKSI
BERHUGBUNGAN DENGAN UKURAN KOLONI, SEBALIKNYA PADA
INDIVIDU POLIP BERKAITAN/TERGANTUNG PADA UMUR
KOLONI.
LAJU PERTUMBUHAN VERTIKAL DAN LATERAL PORITES
ASTROIDES, SEJALAN DENGAN PENINGKATAN UKURAN KOLONI,
TETAPI TIDAK DENGAN UMUR KOLONI.
Referensi:
ELIZABETH A. CHORNESKY1,2,* and ESTHER C.
PETERS2
Reproduction in Cultured versus Wild Coral Colonies:
Fertilization, Larval Oxygen Consumption, and Survival
Biol. Bull. 2010 218:230-236

Reproduksi karang

FAKTOR LAIN YANG MEMPENGARUHI REPRODKSI MENURUT

SUMBER LAINNYA:
TEMERATURE
ACIDITY (PH)
INVERONMENTAL CHANGE
Journal of Marine Biology
Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 473615, 14 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/473615
Review Article
Reviewing the Effects of Ocean Acidification on Sexual
Reproduction and Early Life History Stages of Reef-Building Corals
Rebecca Albright