GERAK & SIFAT

INTERAKSI LEMPENG

Plate Tectonics
Earths Tectonic Plates
North
American
North American
Eurasian
Arabian
Juan de
Fuca

Caribbean

Pacific
Philippine

Cocos

Nazca

South
American

African
Indo
Australian

Pacific

Antarctic

Scotian

Antarctic

TEKTONIK LEMPENG
3 PERGERAKAN
LEMPENG :
Konvergen
Divergen
Pergeseran
(StrikeSlip/Transform)

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

Plate Tectonics
Divergent Boundary

Results in the formation of Oceanic Crust

Plate Tectonics
Transform Boundary

Plate Tectonics
Convergent Boundary: Subduction

Melting
Produces
MoreFelsic
Magma

Results in the formation & growth of Continental Crust

and destruction of Oceanic Crust

Plate Tectonics
Convergent Boundary: Collision

Results in the growth of Continental Crust

BASIC PLATE TECTONICS Revised

Earths lithosphere is broken into 12-24 rigid

plates
Plates move about 1-10 cm/yr on the plastic
Asthenosphere
Geology happens where the plates
interact with one another along Divergent,
Transform, Subduction and Collisional
Boundaries

Plate Tectonics

What drives
Plate Tectonic

GERAK LEMPENG
DAYA PENGGERAK (Driving Forces)

- Slab Pull
- Push Ridge
- Basal (mantle) Drag

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

10

What drives plate motions

Forces that drive
plate motion
Slab-pull
Cold, dense slabs of
subducted oceanic
lithosphere pull the
plate towards the
subduction zone
Ridge-push
The higher elevation of
spreading centers
result in oceanic
lithosphere wanting to
move downhill, away
from the ridge
Far less important than
slab-pull
Mantle drag and plate
resistance
Can act to increase or
decrease plate motion

DAYA PENGGERAK

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

12

DAYA PENGGERAK

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

13

DAYA PENGGERAK

PUSH RIDGE

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

14

Plate Tectonics
Basal / Mantle drag

Internal Heat

3 KEMUNGKINAN KONVEKSI PADA MANTEL

3 KEMUNGKINAN KONVEKSI
MANTEL

Pada Astenosfer
Pada keseluruhan Mantel
Timbul dari Batas Inti-Mantel
(Mantel Plume)

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

16

What drives plate motions

Models of plate-mantle
convection

Any model must be

consistent with observed
physical and chemical
properties of the mantle
Horizontal movement of
plates causes mantle
upwelling
Models
Layering at 660 km
Explains why basalts
erupted at mid-ocean
ridges are different
(more evolved,
relatively shallow
source) compared to
those erupted at hotspots (more primitive,
deeper source).
We know that
subducting slabs
descend beneath 660

What drives plate motions

Model of Whole-mantle
convection
Would mix the entire mantle
in the space of a few
hundred million years,
removing heterogeneities

What drives plate motions

Deep-layer model
Lava lamp model
Two layers swell and shrink in a
complex fashion in response to heat
from the Earths interior

KECEPATAN GERAK LEMPENG

GERAK RELATIF LEMPENG

- Paleomagnetisme
- Volkanisme (Seamount, Ice Land)
- Pengukuran Geodetik (GPS)
- Studi Mekanisme Fokus Gempa
GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

20

KECEPATAN GERAK LEMPENG

PENENTUAN UMUR DAN PERTUMBUHAN
SAMUDERA DARI PALEOMAGNETISME

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

21

Evidence on Seafloor
PENENTUAN UMUR DAN
PERTUMBUHAN SAMUDERA DARI
PALEOMAGNETISME

Evidence on Seafloor
Seafloor Age Map

KECEPATAN GERAK LEMPENG

PENENTUAN KECEPATAN GERAK LEMPENG DARI SEAMOUNTS

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

24

Evidence on Seafloor
Mantle Plume Hot Spot Tracks

KECEPATAN GERAK LEMPENG

PENENTUAN KECEPATAN DARI GERAK LEMPENG (FOKUS GEMPA & GPS)

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

26

KECEPATAN GERAK LEMPENG

KECEPATAN GERAK LEMPENG DAN PERTUMBUHAN SAMUDERA

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

27

Plate Tectonics
Directions of Motion and Plate Velocities Determined by
Mantle Plume Hot Spot Tracks and Age-Dating of Rocks

Plate Tectonics
Directions of Motion and Plate Velocities Determined
by GPS (Global Positioning System) Satellites
Directions of Motion and Plate Velocities Determined by GPS
(Global Positioning System) Satellites

KECEPATAN GERAK LEMPENG

KECEPATAN GERAK RELATIF LEMPENG TEKTONIK

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

30

TERIMAKASIH

GEODYNAMICS

TektonikLempeng

31