EARTH MOVING

EQUIPMENTS

EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS

EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS IS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY TO :
TO SHIFT AMOUNTS OF EARTH
TO DIG FOUNDATIONS AND LANDSCAPE AREAS
TYPES OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS INCLUDE ..
POWER SHOVELS
BACKHOE
SCRAPERS
BULLDOZERS
TRATOR
DUMPERS
GRADERS
TRENCHERS
LOADERS

Power shovel
Power Shovels are used primarily to excavate earth and load it
into trucks or tractor pulled wagons or onto or onto conveyor
belts.
They are capable of excavating all classes of earth, except solid
rock, without prior loosening, like in quarries, mines in any road
projects etc.
Power shovels are considered as basic tool for excavating the
materials and loading.
They may be mounted on crawler tracks, in which case they are
referred to as crawler mounted shovels. Such shovels have very
low travel speeds.
However, they may be mounted an rubber-tired wheels. Singleengine self-propelled units are powered and operated from
excavator cab. The non-self-propelled units mounted on the rear
of tracks, which are referred to as truck-mounted, have separate
engines for operating them.
block, boom, boom point sheaves and bucket.

Basic parts of power shovels

The basic parts of a power shovel include the mounting,
cab, boom, dipper stick and bucket or dipper and under
carriage unit.
Power unit
Under carriage unit
Hoist and loading assembly: It is used for hoisting the
dipper and loading the material into predetermined
place.
It essentially consists of rigid boom and dipper stick
which is strongly built to withstand impact loading while
excavation. To operate shovel in favorable condition i.e.
economically, it will be necessary to reduce the depth of
penetration of dipper face.

CONSTRUCTION & WORKING

OF POWER SHOVEL

Applications of power shovels

Suitable for close range of work

Capable of digging very hard materials,
can remove big sized boulders.
It is used in various types of jobs such as digging in gravel
banks, clay pits, digging cuts in road works, road-side
berms, etc.

graders

A grader, also commonly reffered to as a road grader,

a blade , a maintainer, or a construction machine with a
long blade used to creat a flat surface.
Typical models have three axles, with the engine and cab situated
above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and third axle at the
front end of vehicle, with the blade inbetween.

Uses
Used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat
surface for the asphalt to be placed on.
Used to set native soil foundation pads to finish grade prior to the
construction of large buildings.

trenchers

TRENCHERS ARE SIMILAR TO EXCAVATORS IN THE EARTH,

BREAKING SOIL AND ROCK, AND REMOVE IT FROM THE
GROUND.
TRENCHERS DIFFER FROM THE EXCAVATORS , IN THAT THE
SOIL IS REMOVED IN ONE CONTINOUS MOVEMENT.

USES
USED FOR DIGGING TRENCHES FOR PIPES.

loaders

A LOADER IS A HEAVY EQUIPMENT MACHINE OFTEN USED

IN CONSTRUCTION, PRIMARILY USED TO LOAD MATERIAL
(SUCH AS ASPHALT, DEMOLITION DEBRIS, DIRT, SNOW,
FEED, GRAVEL, LOGS, RAW MATERIAL, ROCK, SAND, AND
WOODCHIPS) INTO OR ONTO ANOTHER TYPE OF MACHINERY
(SUCH AS A DUMP TRUCK, CONVEYOR BELT, FEED-HOPPER,
OR RAILCAR).

SKID STEER LOADERS

A SKID LOADER OR SKID STEER LOADER IS A SMALL RIGID
FRAME, ENGINE-POWERED MACHINE WITH LIFT ARMS USED TO
ATTACH A WIDE VARIETY OF LABOR SAVING TOOLS OR
ATTCHMENTS.
THOUGH SOMETIMES THEY ARE EQUIPPED WITH TRACKS, SKISTEER LOADERS ARE TYPICALLY FOUR-WHEEL VEHICLES WITH
THE WHEELS MECHANICALLY LOCKED IN SYNCHRONIZATION ON
EACH SIDE, AND THE LEFT-SIDE DRIVE WHEELS CAN BE DRIVEN
INDEPENDENTLY OF THE RIGHT-SIDE DRIVE WHEELS.

CRAWLER LOADERS
A CRAWLER LOADER COMBINES THE STABILITY OF THE
CRAWLER TRACTOR WITH THE ABILITIES OF A WHEEL
LOADER.
HOWEVER, TO CONSTRUCT A RELIABLE CRAWLER
LOADER IT REQUIRES MORE THAN SIMPLY ATTACHING A
LOADER BUCKET ONTO A CRAWLER TRACTOR. IT MUST
BE DESIGNED WITH ITS SPECIFIC PURPOSE IN MIND TO
ENSURE IT HAS THE
STRENGHT TO WITHSTAND
HEAVY EXCAVATING.

CRAWLER LOADERS
THE INTRODUCTION OF HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS
DIMINISHED THE MARKET FOR THE CRAWLER LOADER
BECAUSE IT WAS UNABLE TO MATCH THE EXCAVATORS
LIFTING POWER AND FLEXIBILITY.
HOWEVER, CRWLER LOADERS ARE CAPABLE OF
MANEUVERING ACROSS THE ENTIRE CONSTRUCTION SITE
UNDER ITS OWN POWER, WHEREAS MOST HTDRULIC
EXCAVATORS REQUIRE TOWING OR TRANSPORT. WHILE
CRAWLER TRACTORS ARE STILL BEING MANUFACTURED
TODAY FOR NICHE MARKETS, THEY REACHED THEIR PEAK
OF POPULARITY IN THE 1960s .

WHEELED LOADING SHOVELS

A POWER SHOVEL ( ALSO STRIPPING SHOVEL OR FRONT
SHOVEL OR ELECTRIC MINING SHOVEL ) IS A BUCKETEQUIPPED MACHINE, USUALLY ELECTRICALLY POWERED,
USED FOR DIGGING AND LOADING EARTH OR FRAGMENTED
ROCK AND FOR MINERAL EXTRACTION.
POWER SHOVELS ARE
USED PRINCIPALLY FOR
EXCAVATION AND
REMOVAL OF
OVERBURDEN IN
OPEN-CUT MINING
OPERATIONS, THOUGH IT
MAY INCLUDE LOADING
OF MINERALS, SUCH AS
COAL. THEY ARE THE
MODERN EQUIVALENT
OF STEAM SHOVELS,
AND OPERATE IN A
SIMILAR FASHION.

WHEELED LOADING SHOVELS

A SHOVELS WORK CYCLE, OR DIGGING CYCLE, CONSISTS
OF FOUR PHASES:
DIGGING
SWINGING
DUMPING
RETURNING