GPS & GSM BASED

HUMAN
HEALTH MONITORING
SYSTEM
12311A0406
12311A0427
12311A0430

Aim of the project

The main objective of this project is:
1. Real time monitoring of health status of a person.
2. Patients location be traced out easily using GPS based
positioning system.
3. Sends alerts in the form of SMS messages to nearby
emergency service and family members via GSM module.

Block Diagram

MICROCONTROLLER
Which microcontroller to be used?
It depends on the requirements, cost and availability and they
are
1. Atleast one programmable serial communication pins
2. Normal input and output pins for
a. LED's
b. Buzzer
c. Heartbeat sensor
Based on the above requirements we can choose any cost
effective microcontroller. I have an Atmega-16 with me and
it meets the requirements, so I can use it.

PIC16F877A Microcontroller
This powerful yet easy-to-program CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller
packs Microchip's powerful PIC architecture into an 40-pin package.
Flash Memory: 14.3 Kbytes (8192 words)
Data SRAM: 368 bytes
Data EEPROM: 256 bytes
Self-reprogrammable under software control
In-Circuit Serial Programming via two pins (5V)

33 I/O pins; 5 I/O ports

2 8-bit timers and one 16-bit timer

Two Capture, Compare, PWM

modules

Synchronous Serial Port with two

modes:
SPI Master
I2C Master and Slave

USART/SCI with 9-bit address

detection

THE TRANSMISSION PROCESS

1. GSM and GPS modules communicate with serial communication
protocols.
2. GPS module transmits data to the microcontroller.
3. This data is processed and filtered.
4. Now this filtered data is sent to the GSM module which will
transmit the data to the cell phone only when hearbeat sensor finds
anything bad.

What is GPS and How does it work

It is a constellation of 29 satellites
orbiting around the earth.

Designed by US military as a spaced

based navigation system.
GPS works on the principle of
trilateration.
Why 29 satellites?

Global Positioning System

GPS needs four satellites to

determine the position.
Uses high frequency radio waves
Satellites uses atomic clocks
Use the formula d = c x t
Use relativity principle

GSM & GPS Modules

GSM module
GPS module

How will a microcontroller understand what GPS is telling

The information are assembled in a particular string format which
are to be decoded by GPS modems.
A GPS modem gives the output data in a following string format
called as NMEA Format.
are also compatible with serial ports using RS232 protocols

Baud rate

Data bits

Stop bits

Parity

Handshake

4800 bps

None

none

$GPGGA,100156.000,2650.9416,N,07547.8441,E,1,08,1.0,442.8,M,-42.5,M,,0000*71
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
East
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

A string always starts with a $ sign

GPGGA : Global Positioning System Fix Data
, Comma indicates the separation between two values
100156.000 : GMT time as 10(hr):01(min):56(sec):000(ms)
2650.9416,N: Latitude 26(degree) 50(minutes) 9416(sec) North
07547.8441,E: Longitude 075(degree) 47(minutes) 8441(sec)
1 : Fix Quantity 0= invalid data, 1= valid data, 2=DGPS fix
08 : Number of satellites currently viewed.
1.0: HDOP
442.8,M : Altitude (Height above sea level in meter)
-42.5,M :
Geoids height
__ , DGPS data
0000 : DGPS data
*71 : checksum

The GSM Architecture

How does microcontroller communicates with GSM module

It again uses serial UART communication protocol
It uses AT commands which are used in controlling modems.
AT commands are divided into two
a.Basic commands
b. Extended commands
We use messaging service and hence use extended At
commands

HEART-BEAT SENSOR

What is it?

It is a device which monitors heartbeat pulses periodically.

This heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heartbeat when a finger is placed on the device.

This digital output can be connected to Microcontroller directly to

measure the Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate.

Heartbeat Sensor
Blood is pumped to all the parts of the body including finger
Light is passed from transmitter to receiver.
Finger is placed between the transmitter an receiver.
Blood in excess absorbs more light.
The output from the IR sensors is very low and cannot be given directly to
microcontroller.
Based on the input to the microcontroller, the rate is decided and calculated for
threshold.

One way of making heartbeat

sensor

Second way

Amplifying circuit for the heartbeat sensor

FUTURE SCOPE
This project can also be implemented through various
Network technologies like ,IoT technology, bluetooth module,
ZigBee module etc., also. This project also can be useful for
providing emergency medical services. By Interfacing
additional condition sensors we can detect other health
conditions like temperature, blood pressure etc
We can also use sensors and robust communication
technologies for diagnosis. And Handle more message types
and sources. Add features for other mobile professionals.

12/10/15

Disadvantages of using IR based heartbeat sensor and remedies

Light based heartbeat sensors are used in smart phone's
like Apple watches
1. Skin penetration
2. Fault indications during work or play
Remedies
1. Take average of readings for different times.
2. Use accelerometers and GPS to find the travelling
distance per day on an average.
Besides using this only sensor we can use other sensors in
combination to make our device more accurate.

THANK YOU