Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grids
Problems
&
Solutions
Walid Issa
Exeter University
Electrical Grid
Electrical Grid
- Dependencyonahighcapacityfossilfuel
generators
- Increasingcarbonemissions
- Gettingalargeamountofpowerinone
place
- Usingalongtransmissionlinestodeliver
power
- Noteconomic
- Haslowreliabilityagainstsuddenfaults
3
Microgrid
Microgrid
-
Integraterenewableresources
Controltheflowofpower
ReduceCarboneemissions
Reducelosses
Reliableagainstsuddenfaults
- Customerisapartofthegrid
5
GRID
MicroGRID
Microgrid Modes
PointofCommonCoupling(PCC)
GRID
SWITCH
Microgrid
Grid-Connected
mode
Island
mode
Interfacing
AC
DC
Battery
Sources
Grid
INVERTER
Loads
Inverter
DC
AC
10
Inverters Topologies
UsesDCBoostto
stepuptheDC
voltage
Usestransformer
tostepuptheDC
voltage
Usestransformer
tostepuptheAC
voltage
UsesmanyPVto
stepuptheDC
voltage
11
Inverter
1mH
2000F
LEM
Sensors
50F
DSPControllers
TMS320F28XX
12
Electric Vehicle
13
90cycleT
14
Sine wave
PWM Generation
15
Microgrid Literature
1- Voltage and Current Regulation
Goals:
Low Distortion
No Resonance
Regulated Voltage
Smooth Step Response
Proposed Solutions:
PI, PID Controllers
P+Resonant Controllers
Adaptive Controllers
Repetitive Controllers
16
Microgrid Literature
2- Power Sharing
Goals:
Adequate Power sharing
Accurate Power control
Without Communication if possible
Smooth Step Response
Proposed Solutions:
Master Slave Controllers
Current Chain Scheme
Droop Control
17
Microgrid Literature
3- Power Sharing (Droop Control)
Goals:
Accurate Reactive Power control
Small Frequency and voltage
deviations
Harmonics Sharing
Smooth Step Response
Proposed Solutions:
PID Control
Angle droop controller
External supplementary loops
18
Microgrid Literature
4- Islanding Detection
Goals:
Detect the grid absence within 2 sec
Proposed Solutions:
Passive Methods
Voltage, Frequency, phase
deviations
Active Methods
Positive Feedback, harmonic
injection,
19
Microgrid Literature
5- Power Management and Central Control
Goals:
A manager should decide the power
for each inverter
Mode Controlling
Proposed Solutions:
Hierarchical Control
Primary Control
Secondary Control
Tertiary Control
20
Research Goals
- Not concerned about energy sources
- Not concerned about sources
fluctuations
BUT .. .. .
Paralleling Inverters operation in
Island Mode
Circulationcurrents
Powersharinginislandmode
SmoothTransition
Microgridstability
21
Parallel Inverters
Stable&Fixed
Stable&Fixed
22
Methodology
- Microgrid Modeling
- Proposing a controller
- MATLAB/SIMULINK
- Practical implementation
23
So Far
IGBT
Block
Output
Filter
24
VoltageSensor
CurrentSensors
25
IGBTsand
Filters
Voltageand
current
sensors
Power
supply
Interfacing
and
switching
boards
26
Interfacingand
monitoring
platform
Loads
dSpace
Control
unit
27
Reactive
inductive
load
Active
resistive
load
28
InterfacingPlatform
29
Results
30
20
OutputVoltage
ofboth
inverters
THD=1.8%
10
0
-10
-20
-30
40
36.32
36.33
36.35
36.36
36.37
Inverter1
Reactivepower
30
First
controlle
r
20
Reactive Power
Reactive
Power
sharing
36.34
Second
controlle
r
10
Inverter2
Reactivepower
-10
-20
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
30
20
Inverter 1
15
Active Power
sharing
Active Power
10
5
0
-5
-10
Inverter 2
-15
-20
40
45
50
110
100
50
40
30
65
70
Controller is
enabled
80
60
60
Inverter 2
90
70
55
Time
Inverter 1
DC link
voltage
response
31
Keywords
- Droop control
- Voltage & Current controllers
- Reactive power sharing in island
mode
- Islanding Detection
- Supervisory Control
- MPPT for solar inverters
32
Projects Ideas
- Sine wave PWM Generator
- Inverter Voltage controller
- Power Measurement
- MPPT for solar inverters
- Buck-Boost converter
- Synchronization (Zero crossing
detection - PLL)
- Droop Control for parallel
inverters
- Smart Charger based on Droop
33
Papers
MatlabFiles
34
35
Thank You
https://www.facebook.com/pages/WalidIssa/274572119317029
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