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    This document provides an overview of CCD and CMOS sensors. It defines CCD as a charge-coupled device and CMOS as a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. Both use an array of photodiodes that produce a voltage proportional to incident light amount and wavelength. CCD sensors create higher quality, lower noise images but require more power. CMOS sensors consume less power but have lower light sensitivity and more noise. The document discusses the history of CCD, common uses of CCD and CMOS, their types, properties, interfacing requirements, and examples of manufacturers.

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    This document provides an overview of CCD and CMOS sensors. It defines CCD as a charge-coupled device and CMOS as a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. Both use an array of photodiodes that produce a voltage proportional to incident light amount and wavelength. CCD sensors create higher quality, lower noise images but require more power. CMOS sensors consume less power but have lower light sensitivity and more noise. The document discusses the history of CCD, common uses of CCD and CMOS, their types, properties, interfacing requirements, and examples of manufacturers.

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    251 views17 pages

    CCD and Cmos Sensors

    Uploaded by

    Sony Rama
    This document provides an overview of CCD and CMOS sensors. It defines CCD as a charge-coupled device and CMOS as a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. Both use an array of photodiodes that produce a voltage proportional to incident light amount and wavelength. CCD sensors create higher quality, lower noise images but require more power. CMOS sensors consume less power but have lower light sensitivity and more noise. The document discusses the history of CCD, common uses of CCD and CMOS, their types, properties, interfacing requirements, and examples of manufacturers.

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    of 17

    CCD and CMOS

    Sensors

    Craig Robinson

    Definitions
    CCD
    Charge

    Coupled Device

    CMOS
    Complementary

    Semiconductor

    Metal Oxide

    What is CCD and CMOS?


    Array of Diodes (photosites) that produce a
    voltage:
    Linearly Proportional to the AMOUNT incident
    light.
    Non-linearly Dependant to the WAVELENGTH

    Built out of layers of Silicone


    Silicone is sensitive to light
    Layers add functionality different layers perform
    different functions. (called die)

    CCD History
    Invented in 1970 by Bell Labs
    Honeywell developed this into an X-Y
    scanner and taken further by IBM. Originally
    for data storage!
    Taken up by research and astronomy areas.
    Now used in security cameras, digital
    cameras and virtually all digital video
    applications.

    CCD and CMOS Uses

    CCD

    vs

    Create high-quality, lownoise images.


    Greater sensitivity and
    fidelity
    100 times more power
    Require specialized
    assembly lines
    Older and more
    developed technology

    CMOS
    More susceptible to
    noise
    Light sensitivity is
    lower
    Consume little
    power
    Easy to Manufacture
    Cheaper

    Picture quality, sensitivity and cost vs. Cost and battery life.

    Types of CCD and CMOS


    Beam Splitters

    CCD and CMOS

    Filter Array

    Expensive

    Cheap

    High Quality

    Easy

    One frame
    required

    Rotational Lens
    Cheaper
    Good quality
    3 frames reqd only
    stationary objects

    Small

    Properties
    1.

    Resolution:

    3.2Megapixels(2054x1056)

    2.

    FrameRate:

    30~500Frames/sec

    3.

    DynamicRange:

    4.

    Windowing:

    Signalnoiseratio.
    DarkSignal
    EnhanceRegionofInterest

    5.

    RemoteControl:

    Simpleserialcharacters

    6.

    Antiblooming:

    Brightobjectsaturation.

    7.

    Interface:

    Serial,parallel,etc.

    8.

    Power:

    +5VDC@2.5W

    9.

    Size:

    4mmandlarger

    10.

    Cost:

    $60andupwards

    Interfacing
    Many different options:
    Serial Transmission
    Parallel Transmission
    VHF/UHF output

    Requires specific power setup


    Send Input data to setup:
    Auto Gain
    Shutter Speed
    Power mode, image specs etc

    Increasing # of
    onboard
    calculations

    Serial and Parallel


    Requires MANY Pulses:

    Timing

    Example
    Add a CCD / CMOS to the robot in the
    lab.
    Robot must wander and clean the your
    house while you are sleeping.
    Choose

    CMOS due to lower power


    consumption.
    Need high sensitivity for night vision.

    Choose the Sharp LZOP3817.

    Peripherals:
    Pulse Pattern Generator
    Vertical Drivers + DC/DC Converter
    CDS - AGC ADC
    CDS

    (correlated double sampling)


    AGC (automatic gain control)
    ADC (analog-to-digital convertor)

    DSP

    Board Layout
    DRAM
    D 0 -7
    DSK6711
    (Or micro
    controller)

    DATA

    ADRESS

    GLUE
    LOGIC

    Horizontal Timing
    Vertical timing

    LZOP3817
    CMOS
    CHIP

    Manufacturers
    Philips
    Sharp
    Dalsa
    Fuji
    Sony
    Kodak
    Polaroid

    References
    HowStuffworks: Digital Cameras
    www.dalsa.com/markets/Photonics_Spectra_CCDvsCMOS_Litwil
    ler.pdf
    www.sharpsma.com
    www.semiconductors.philips.com
    http://www.ccd.com/
    Peter McCullough at The University of Illinois (Astronomy)

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