Manner Clauses

An adverb clause of manner shows the manner in which

an action is performed. It is a kind of comparative clause
as it indicates comparison of manners.
Adverbs clauses of manner are introduced by
subordinate conjunctions: as, as..so, as if, as thought,
in the way that, how.
Subordinate
conjunction

Example:

The film depicts life as it was in 1900.

principal
clause

adverb clause
of manner

Remember!
If as + clause appears in the first sentence, then
the principal clause begins with so
Example:
As he has started, so will he finish.
adverb clause
of manner

principal
clause

 In informal situations, like is sometimes used

instead of as or as if.
Example:

Subordinate
conjunction

It feels like winter has suddenly arrived.

principal
clause

adverb clause
of manner

 We can use as if/though after verbs such as act,

or behave and talk when we are describing
behaviour.
Example:

Subordinate
conjunction

She always try to act as if shes my boss.

principal
clause

adverb clause
of manner

Practice: Choose the correct tense.

Sue didn't study math at university, but
sometimes she talks about it as if she _____ an
expert on the subject.
a) is
b) had been
c) were

 There was a lot of noise last night. It sounded as

though the people next door _______a party.
a) are having
b) were having
c) had
Helen looked very frightened last night. She
looked as if she ________ a ghost.
a) had seen
b) will see
c) saw

 My boss tells the same jokes all the time and we

always laugh as though we _____ them before.

a) never heard
b) had never heard
c) never hear

It's very cold outside today. In fact, it feels as if it

_____ .
a) is going to snow
b) snowed
c) has snowed

 What a delicious smell! It smells as though mother ______at

the moment.

a) had baked
b) is baking
c)baked
Bill is only twenty-three years old, but sometimes he behaves
as if he _____ much older.

a) were
b) had been
c) was

Reason Clauses

 An adverb clause of reason shows why an action

take place.
Adverbs clauses of reason are introduced by the
subordinate conjunctions: Because, as, since and
that.
Subordinate
conjunction

Example:
I was sad because I missed the show.
principal
clause

adverb clause of reason

Shows the reason why I was sad

 In formal situations, other conjunctions such as

for and in that are sometimes used instead of
because to add a reason or explanation for
preceding statement.
Example:

principal
clause

It would be wise to save some of the money,

for there may be unexpected expenses later.
adverb clause of reason

 We can use now (that) like since to introduce a

clause explaining a present situation. We usually
use the present simple or present perfect after
now (that).
Example:
Now (that) were married, we never go out.
adverb clause of reason

principal
clause

Practice: Complete each sentence with a

meaning similar to the ones above it.
1.- He always wants me to buy his ticket. He never
has any money.
Because_____________________________
2.- Ive had a constant pain in my neck. I was in a
car crash two years ago.
Since ______________________________

3.- They can go on more trips abroad. Their

children have grown up.
Now that ___________________________

4.- His phone wasnt on. I left him a message.

As ________________________________

Purpose Clause

 An adverb clause of purpose is used when the

purpose of an action is to be described.
Adverbs clauses of purpose are introduced by
the subordinate conjunctions: So that, in order
that, in order to, etc.
Example:

Subordinate
conjunction

Im going early so that I can find a good seat.

principal
clause

adverb clause of purpose

 An adverb clause of purpose can be used when

the person it refers to is different from the
subject of the principal clause.

Example:

Subordinate
conjunction

He met Jack there so that Alice wouldn't know.

principal
clause

adverb clause of purpose

 An adverb clause of purpose can be used when

the original subject is repeated in the
subordinate clause.
Example:

Subordinate
conjunction

She tried her best that she might get in.

principal
clause

adverb clause of purpose

 When we want to include a subject before the

infinitive verb, we can begin a purpose clause
with in order for and a noun phrase or a pronoun.
Example:
Noun phrase

In order for the team to succeed, they must work together.

adverb clause of purpose

principal
clause

Practice: Rewrite the following sentences

using adverbs clauses.
1) He opened the window. He wanted to let fresh air in.(in
order to)

2)I took my camera. I wanted to take some photos.(so

that)

3)He studied really hard. He wanted to get better marks.

(in order to)

4)Ive collected money. I will buy a new car.(so that)

5)Many people left Turkey in 1960s. They wanted to find

jobs in Germany.( in order to)

6)Linda turned on the lights. She wanted to see well.(so

that)

7)I will come with you. I want to help you.(in order to)

8)He waited at the counter. He wanted to see her better.

(in order)

9)You must take your umbrella so that you wont get wet.
(in order)