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Exercise 1: Identify other large
semicircles that fit in a square or a
rectangle.
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Exercise 3.
Find an alternative procedure for
inscribing a semicircle in a square.
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Exercise 3.
Alternative procedure for geometric
construction of the inscribed semicircle.
This solution was found by Linda
Fahlberg-Stojanovska, as described in
her geometry paper at:
http://geogebrawiki.pbworks.com/ciit10
The sequence of steps is numbered.
Calculation of Area of
Semicircle
Inscribed in Unit Square
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Recursively Inscribed Semicircles
Use compass and straightedge construction to
generate recursively smaller inscribed semicircles,
each half the area of the previous semicircle. The
blue and red shapes are related by translation,
rotation and scale. The construction is self similar,
i.e. reproducible at any magnification or reduction
that is a multiple of the square root of two. Notice
some coincidences: The diameter of the second
semicircle lies on the side of the first square, and the
corner of the third semicircle is the centre of the
square. The figure also contains a circle inscribed in
an isosceles right triangle.
Circles Inscribed in Isosceles Right Triangles
There is a relationship between a circle
inscribed in an isosceles right triangle, and a
semicircle inscribed in a square. Beginning
with the brown triangle, we add a reduced
grey triangle. Notice that the centre of the
circle in the small triangle lies on the line that
defines the blue square circumscribing the
red semicircle in the large triangle.
Scorpion
This “Scorpion” is an extension of the
previous construction, by recursively
adding isosceles right triangle,
hypotenuse against short side. The
inscribed circles form a decreasing
spiral, each one half the area of the
previous one. The construction would
be self similar, but for the largest
triangle, which is oriented 90 degrees
off of its proper position in the spiral.
Circles on Circles
A [brown] square is inscribed diagonally in a [grey]
square, four [grey and yellow] isosceles right triangles
remain. When [white] circles are inscribed in those
triangles, their centres lie on the circumference of the
[yellow] circle that inscribes the outer square. When
four [brown] quarter circles are inscribed in the inner
square, corner on corner, a centred [white] circle,
inscribed in the [blue] gap between them, is of the
same size as those inscribing the isosceles right
triangles. These coincidences arise from the ratio of
length of the diagonal to the side of a square, which is
the square root of two.
Circles on Circles Extended
The construction can be extended by
circumscribing another circle and square
around the outer diagonal square.
This series of constructions began by
studying a semicircle inscribed in a square. If
you look carefully, you can see semicircles
inscribed in squares, and circles inscribed in
quarter circles.
A suggested exercise is to inscribe four
circles in a circle, using compass and
straightedge, or equivalent PC software.
This slide show and included geometric
Constructions are in the public domain.
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