Proposed Title

Multiple finishes on cotton with conventional, tailor-made nano and

synthesised nano Titania, Silica and Zinc Oxide
Major Project
Prerna Gupta (12110053)
Pritpal Singh (12110054)
Ranjan Kumar (12110059)
Vaishali Sharma (12110076)
Yashdeep Sharma (12110078)
Under the guidance of:
Dr. J N. Chakraborty

Dept. of Textile Technology,

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

Problem Statement

Numerous chemicals are used in chemical processing of textiles.

Most of these chemicals remain in aggregated form.
These aggregates result in wastage of chemicals.
Extra amount of chemicals are required for processing due to the
formation of aggregates .
This leads to increased chemical use and waste water load.
The cost of production goes up.
It may increase air pollution also.
Chemicals in their conventional form are not so much effective as those
with their nano form.
The handle and air permeability of the fabric are reduced with conventional
chemicals.

Objective
Multiple finishing of cotton, such as self cleaning, UV- protection,
antibacterial, hydrophilic/ hydrophobic using
conventional TiO2, SiO2 and ZnO.
tailor-made nano TiO2, SiO2 and ZnO.
synthesised nano TiO2, SiO2 and ZnO.
At the same time,
Finishing efficiency and the cost of finishing with these chemicals will be
evaluated and compared.

Literature Survey
Nano- chemicals are different from the available chemicals.
The decrease in size results in increase in surface area of particles and change in the electronic,
physical, morphological and mechanical behavior that leads to enhancements of the properties of
material, such as more reliance on the quantum effects and henceforth the electrical, magnetic
and optical behavior of nanomaterial is changed as compared to that of macro scale particles
These special properties of nanoparticles can be inherited by textile substrates when these
particles are applied to it.
An extensive survey on various synthesis procedures and application of nanoparticles and their
application on textile materials.
Conversion of bulk particles (w.r.t. nano scale) to nanoparticles includes the two basic approaches
includes: Top- Down and Bottom Up approaches.
The most commonly used methods of nanoparticles synthesis and the application specific to
textile substrate includes Sol gel synthesis and Precipitation method synthesis.
The most important with respect to the overall characterization includes SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD,
UV-Visual Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, PSA, and Zeta Potential testing.

 The adhering forces between the textile host and the nanoparticles may be broadly divided in
three categories. While, the adhesion may be due to one phenomenon or the other. It is quite
possible that adhesion is due to combination of different forces.
Inter Atomic/Molecular attraction : The adherence in this case is simply due to the interatomic or
intermolecular forces of attraction that holds atoms or molecules together in any material.

Polymerization of nanoparticles: In some cases, during application, the nanoparticles forms

polymeric chains and sheets around the textile substrate or fibers. These sheets are bonded with
the host with intermolecular forces of attraction.

Bond formation with the fibres: The bond formed in this case resembles the dye molecule
attachment with the textile fibres.

 There are numerous textile applications where nanotechnology is intensively used

now a days. These applications are having a very broad range of application in
different field.
Water and oil repellent nano finishes: Oil and water repellent finishes has its own
advantages in terms of keeping a fabric ant adhesive towards water or oil. The
nano finish is a good repellent against oil, laundering and dry cleaning agents.
Self-cleaning textiles: Self-cleaning fabrics refers to the textile fabrics that are
capable and functionalized to clean themselves off the dirt and stains.
UV Protection and anti-microbial activity: Since photo catalytic activity is result of
absorption of UV radiations by nanoparticles, the nano finishes also capable of
providing UV protection. Nano ZnO can be used as a good UV protecting agent.
In other enhancements in fabric properties and processing: The catalysis action of
nanoparticles may also be used in enhancing various textile properties. Wrinkle
resistance of the fabrics can be improved in non-formaldehyde manner with an
additional effect as increased softness in handle of textiles The process of
polyester printing can be made much simpler and effective by employing nano
disperse dye molecules.

Action Plan
Finishing of cotton with Conventional Titania, Silica and Zinc oxide.
(control)
Finishing of cotton with tailor-made Titania, Silica and Zinc oxide
nanoparticles (specially available with selective manufacturers).
Synthesis of Titania, Silica and Zinc oxide nanoparticles and application of
these particles on cotton.

Chemicals Under Study

The chemicals under study are : TiO2, SiO2 and ZnO.
Finishes and properties induced in fabric by different finishes as follows:
TiO2 : Photo-catalytic stain degradation, anti-UV properties, self cleaning,
bacterial.
SiO2 : Wrinkle resistance,
removal.

anti-

UV- Protection, anti- bacterial, hydrophobic stain

ZnO : Photo-catalytic stain degradation, anti-UV properties, self cleaning,

bacterial.

anti-

Experimental Plan
1. Material : Thoroughly Pre-treated cotton fabric.
2. Chemicals :
1.
2.
3.

Conventional Chemicals: TiO 2, SiO2 and ZnO (from SDFCL)

Nano Chemicals: TiO2, SiO2 and ZnO (from Aldrich)
Synthesised nanoparticles: TiO 2, SiO2 and ZnO

3. Instruments to be used :
1. UV- Visual spectroscope
2. Padding mangle
3. SEM
4. Magnetic stirrer
5. Glass apparatus ( beakers, glass stirrer, conical flasks, round
bottom flasks, glass bottles )
6. Condenser

Methodology
1. Synthesis of nanoparticles

Precursor and catalyst chemicals are to be used in 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8
molar ratios in suitable amount of alcohol ( methanol/ propanol) as
solvent. Stirring and dropping complete catalyst solution into
precursor solution results in a clear solution. This clear solution is
nanosol. The method is same for all the nanoparticles under study
i.e. TiO2, SiO2 and ZnO.
2. Conventional and nano finishing of cotton fabric
Cotton fabric will be treated at different concentration of various
types of chemicals at 75% pickup ( 1Kg/sq. cm pressure ) followed by
drying and curing at around 150 degree Celsius for around 5 minutes.

Testing of finished sample

Wash fastness
Air permeability
Handle
Tensile strength
Photo-catalytic stain degradation using spectrophotometer
anti-UV properties
self cleaning property through soil release test
anti-bacterial

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