Technology Foresights

Biofuel (Biodiesel)

Agenda

Introduction
As-is
To-be
Conclusion

Introduction
Technology Foresights
This term Technology Foresight took off in the 1990s,
each countries sought new policy tools to deal with
problems in their science, technology and innovation
systems (Miles,2010)
The term foresight has long been used to describe
readiness to deal with long-term issues (especially on
the part of governments) (Miles,2010)
Biofuel
A gaseous, liquid, or solid substance of biological origin
that is used as a fuel (Collins English Dictionary)
One type of renewable energy and alternative energy
sources may potentially inhibit the development and
maturation of longer-term technologies that have
greater potential to correct the harmful effects of fossilfuel dependence (Charles, Ryan, Ryan, & Oloruntoba, 2007)

Biodiesel
A biofuel intended for use in diesel engines
(Collins English Dictionary). It is output from refining
a range of biomass* materials and can be use as
transport fuel (Taylor. 2008)

About
Biodiesel

A well-established technology
Generally methyl esters made by
transesterification*.
FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) or FAEE (Fatty Acid
Ethyl Ester)
A common FAME is RME, made from oil-seed rape
Renewable raw material: vegetable oils (rapeseed
oil, sunflower oil, soy oil, palm oil), animal fat or
used cooking/frying oil
Co-products: glycerine and animal feed
Used in compression ignition diesel systems
Mixable with fossil diesel (pure, B100, or blended,
B10, B20)

Objective
According European Council's proposal for an Energy Police for
Europe, March 2006. The Central objectives of energy policy are:
Environmental, Social, Economic sustainability
Competitiveness
Energy supply security
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020, scale up
to 30% if other developed countries make comparable efforts
(below 1990 levels)
Improving energy efficiency by 20% by 2020
Raising the share of renewable energy to 20% by 2020
Increasing the level of biofuels in transport fuel to 10% by 2020

*Climate action and renewable energy package,

a legislative proposal from the European Commission 23 Jan 2008

Purpose
The purpose of this project is to analyze
the technology of biofuel nowadays and in
future

General Information about Biofuel

Natural alternative from other fossil fuels
and is attained from living or biological
material that has just died.
Produced by using ethanol from naturally
grown plant matter which allows for a
more sustainable and environmentally
friendly earth.
source:http://www.biofuelwatch.org/

General Information about Biofuel

It is a green fuel and clean, does not contribute to the carbon
dioxide (CO2) burden and produces drastically reduced
engine emissions. It is non-toxic and biodegradable.
In principle, biofuels are a way of reducing greenhouse gas
emissions compared to conventional transport fuels
The main types of biofuel for transport are biodiesel and
bioethanol
Biofuels may be used in ordinary vehicle engines,
unmodified for low blends or with modifications for higher
blends

Source:http://www.farmersguardian.com/home/hot-topics/biofuels/32011.article

World biomass shipping today

Current Trend
Biofuel has become an alternative
energy source explored
Palm biofuel program since 1982
Homegrown indigenous palm
biodiesel production technologies

As-Is : Biodiesel Foresight

Pest & Pestel analysis

PEST & PESTEL analysis
Political

Economic

The Malaysian government to

subsidies the price of biodiesel
for the local biodiesel industry

Political unrest in the Middle

East and North Africa driving
crude oil prices above US $100
a barrel

The Malaysian government

launched the National Biofuel
Policy in 2006 and a series of
supporting measures to
promote sector development
Malaysian Biofuel Industry Act
2007

Malaysian biodiesel exports

dropped by 60% in 2010 to
90000 tons, with many
producers unable to maintain
operations due to the high cost
of production
The government subsidy is
unlikely to be sufficient to
offset the high cost of
production
The European Union was the
largest biodiesel export market,
accounting for 119000 tons (or
52.4% of total biodiesel
exports), followed by the
United States with 40000 tons

Cont.
PEST & PESTEL analysis
Political

The Biofuel Working Committee

evaluates and makes
recommendations on the
applications, which are then
submitted to the Biofuel
Licensing Committee for
consideration and approval

Another certification system,

the International Sustainability
and Carbon Certification (ISCC)
system, as a means of securing

entry into the European biofuel

market. The ISCC is a global
certification system for
biomass and biofuels that is
approved by the German

Economic
MPOB has provided a start-up
fund worth MYR1 million each
to the five petroleum
companies operating in the
country: BHP, Chevron,
ExxonMobil, Petronas and Shell
A company with pioneer status
is granted tax exemption on at
least 70% of its statutory
income for 5 years
Companies that are at least
51% Malaysian owned, with
export potential in the rubber,
palm oil and wood-based
industries, are eligible for
Reinvestment Incentives for

Cont.
Socio-cultural

Certification under the

RSPO requires palm oil
producers to meet 8
principles and 39 criteria
covering best management
practices, social
responsibility and
environmental
considerations in order for
their palm oil to be labeled
as Certified Sustainable
Palm Oil

Immigration is increasing

Technological

If biodiesel projects meet

certain criteria, they may
also be considered for
Incentives for High
Technology Companies or
Incentives for
Commercialization of
Research and Development
Findings of the Public Sector
in Resource Based
Industries

Cont.
Environmental (ecological)

Legal

Land - legal gazettement of

forest areas

Malaysian Biofuel Industry Act

2007 (Act 666)

Greenhouse gas emission

The expansion of agricultural

land for the cultivation of
biofuel feedstocks raises
concerns about deforestation,
biodiversity loss, land conflicts,
competition with land for food
and an increase in carbon
emissions from land use
change

The Malaysian government

launched the National Biofuel
Policy in 2006 and a series of
supporting measures to
promote sector development

MS 2008:2008, the quality

standard for 100% biodiesel
(B100) was published in 2008,
largely based on the European
standard EN 14214, with some
minor modifications suggested
by the Technical Committee on
Petroleum Fuels

The Environmental Quality

(Prescribed Activities)

The Environmental Quality

(Prescribed Activities)
(Environmental Impact
Assessment) Order 1987
The Sabah Environment

Case Study
Powering the Future of Flight in UK
Solena will produce large amounts of
aviation biofuel (by processing municipal
waste) for British Airways and others
airways.
Convert all forms of biomass into clean
renewable energy
Offer a unique opportunity for aviation to
decarbonizes over the short-medium term.
Zero waste to landfill target by 2025

Case Study
The plant have a major effect on Co2 and
greenhouse gas reduction.
Providing air quality benefits when the fuel
is burned
The project will generate around 1,000
jobs in London

Advanced biofuels key R&D issues

Achivement

: situation
Biodiesel
To-Be
To create
when Foresight
biodiesel do make
significant and
sustainable contribution to renewable energy
source in the
future.
The technology already exist to meet 2020 target,
emphasis would be on optimization and
implement the best technology much more
widely on next decade.
New technology such convert waste to bioethanol
would increase over longer term to achieve
higher target after 2020
Biofuel play a complementary role in substituting
for oil , prospect to run hybrid electric/biofuel in
future

To-Be : Biodiesel Foresight ..

(cont..)

Biodiesel comsumption would be provisioned by

domestic production and by import, depend on
economic terms, diversify biofuel source in such
countries
Would be regulated by global standard and have
a leading way to establish itself
This sector would provide significant opportunities
for Malaysian firms create new supply chain in
industry
Overcoming the obstacles such as land use
change and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions.

Biodiesel Foresight .. Rudolf Diesel

(1912)

In a 1912 speech Diesel said,

...The use of vegetable oils for
engine fuels may seem
insignificant today, but such oils
may become, in the course of
time, as important as petroleum
and the coal tar products of the
present time.

Conclusion
Technology foresight for biodiesel has responded requests
from the government leaders for more detailed analysis of
the sustainable growth pathway for biofuels, as a key
carbon mitigation technology. The biofuel roadmap is
intended to be a process that evolves to take into account
new technology developments, policies and international
collaboration efforts. The roadmap has been designed
with milestones that the international community can use
to ensure that biofuel development efforts are on track to
achieve reductions in GHG emissions that are required by
2050 in a sustainable manner. The IEA*, together with
government, industry and NGO stakeholders are working
together on it, to make sure the biofuel roadmap actions
will be successfully implement in this world

*IEA : International Energy Agency