Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Biology
For Non-Biology Majors ONLY
Professor Terry M. Bricker
Room: A606 LSBA
Telephone: 8-1555
E-mail: btbric@lsu.edu
Office Hours: Tu/W 3:30-4:30 PM
and by appointment
Textbook
Biology: Life on Earth, 9th Edition
by Audesirk, Audiserk and Byers
This book is a useful reference
All testable materials, however, will be presented in my lectures
Make-Up Policy
Make-up Examinations will ONLY be
allowed with a valid university excuse.
If you are going to miss an examination, you
MUST notify me by E-mail before 4:30 PM
on the day of the scheduled exam.
The make-up examination MUST be
completed within 1 week of the originally
scheduled examination. I will set the time
and venue of the make-up examination.
Make-Up Policy
Under extreme circumstances, some
flexibility in these rules may be allowed at
the discretion of the instructor.
A
14
19
20
28
21
17
20
14
17
13
19
16
B
27
29
27
30
35
32
36
32
36
33
38
31
C
27
25
24
20
24
27
25
29
27
27
26
23
D
13
13
9
8
6
9
8
11
10
12
9
12
F
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
4
4
6
3
6
W
14
14
14
9
10
9
7
8
6
9
6
13
D+F+W
32
32
28
22
20
24
20
23
20
27
18
31
1001 average
18
32
26
10
10
25
6 lectures
CHAPTER 1:
An Introduction to Life On Earth
Defining Life
Dictionary definition of life is:
the quality that distinguishes a vital and
functioning being from a dead body
Defining Life
Dictionary definition of life is:
the quality that distinguishes a vital and
functioning being from a dead body
Ecosystem
Community
Species
Population
Multicellular
Organism
Organ
System
Organ
A structure usually
composed of several tissue
types that form a functional unit
the brain
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Molecule
Least complex
Subatomic
Particle
nucleus
glucose
DNA
A combination of atoms
water
Atom
chloroplast
hydrogen
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
neutron
electron
Most complex
Biosphere
Cellular
Organelle
Molecular
Atomic
Subatomic
Least complex
Nerve Cell
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Glucose
DNA
CH2OH
H H
Water
Hydrogen
Carbon
Proton
Nitrogen
Neutron
Oxygen
Electron
Most complex
Pronghorn
Antelope
Organism
Organ System
Nervous
System
Organ
Tissue
Least complex
Brain
Nervous
Tissue
Most complex
Earths
surface
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Bushes
Water
Snake
Hawk
Pronghorns
Grass
Hawk
Snake
Population
Herd of Pronghorns
Least complex
Air
Pronghorns
Soil
Most complex
Fig. 1-10
Categorizing Life
Organisms can be grouped into 3
Domains
Bacteria (single, simple cells)
Archaea (single, simple cells; extremes)
Eukarya (one or more highly complex
cells)
Categorizing Life
Categorizing Life
1 micrometer
A color-enhanced electron micrograph of a dividing
bacterium. Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic;
most are surrounded by a thick cell wall. Some bacteria
photosynthesize, but most absorb food from their
surroundings.
Categorizing Life
Domain Eukarya contains four
Kingdoms
-The Protists
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
food
vacuoles
contractile
vacuole
10 micrometers
This light micrograph of a Paramecium illustrates the
complexity of these large, normally single, eukaryotic
cells. Some protists photosynthesize, but others ingest
or absorb their food. Many, including Paramecium, are
mobile, moving with cilia or flagella.
Categorizing Life
Autotrophs (self-feeders)
Photosynthetic organisms that capture
sunlight and store it in sugar and fats
Includes plants, some bacteria, and some
protists
6 steps
Deductive reasoning
The process of generating hypotheses based on a
well-supported generalization (such as a theory)
For example, based on the cell theory, any newly
discovered organism would be expected to be
composed of cells