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The Static Model


Hydrocarbonsinplace

How much have we found?


N STOIIP
Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place
G GIIP
Gas Initially In Place
Gross Rock Volume containing the oil *Amount of good reservoir net to gross ratio

GRV m 3, ft3,acre ft
NTG%

*Amount of void in the rock - porosity


*Amount of oil in the void hydrocarbon saturation
*Factor relating reservoir to surface volume of the oil/gas
Formation Volume Factor
*conversion factor to bbl or scf or sm 3

N19/12/15
= GRV*NTG**So*FVF*C
Slide 2

%
So %

FVF %

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Data Sources
Spatial data:
GRV: maps prepared from seismic and well data define the reservoir
envelope and the fluid contacts
FVF: the proper term is B. This is determined from representative
reservoir fluid samples from wireline samplers, DSTs and
well production tests
Point source data (wells): (or crudely, areal distribution from 3D and 4D
seismic data sets)

: core data and the family of porosity LOGS


So: the families of Resistivity LOGS
NTG: core data and a variety of LOGS

19/12/15 Slide 3

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HCIIP Methods:
Area-Depth
Deterministic
Probabilistic
Deterministic
Equivalent Oil Column
Initialisation of Reservoir Simulator
Material Balance Equation
when >5% HCIIP produced
19/12/15 Slide 4

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Volumetric Construction
BV (oil)= (4.1-0.8)/2=1.65*108m3
N/G = 0.8

Depth, m

1000

= 0.25
x

1100

So = 0.8
1/Bo = 0.9
STOIIP = 23 109m3 * 6.29 = 150 M bbl

1200
1.0

2.0

3.0

Area, km

Area/Depth
B1 Reservoir

19/12/15 Slide 5

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Area depth deterministic


Reservoir structure map
Measure succeeding closed contour areas
Plot against depth
h
Add fluid contact depths

goc
owc

area
Weight average reservoir thickness
Hang below area line
Measure volumes enclosed (gives GRV)

goc
owc

Weight average petrophysical data


Apply to GRV, apply FVF
yields HCIIP

19/12/15 Slide 6

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QUANTIFICATION of UNCERTAINTY
The probabilistic approach
(the actual data is < 10-6 % of the whole)

Gross rock volume

Usually the major uncertainty

Problems are mainly seismological: the pick, vertical and horizontal resolution,
time-depth conversion, particularly if fault geometry controls trap. Fluid contacts are
usually known.
Two approaches:
By taking seismic uncertainty into account; Geostatistically generate many structural
maps and establish GRV apparent distribution
Generate most reasonable minimum and maximum maps to accompany the most
likely and be guided by DHIs if present

NEVER add plus/minus percentage


19/12/15 Slide 7

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Seismic Uncertainty

velocity error
timing error

calibration
error

pick error

migration error

The main uncertainty is in time to depth conversion

19/12/15 Slide 8

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fault position?
fault dip?

t/z on flank?
on crest?
shale thickness - N:G?

Most Likely P50

Most reasonable minimum: P85

Most reasonable maximum: P15

19/12/15 Slide 9

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Inherent Uncertainty in Data


(genuine +/-!!)
thickness (logs): 1-2%
porosity (logs):
10-20%
porosity (core):
5-10%
saturation (logs): 10-50%
saturation (pc):
5-15%
saturation (obc): 5-15%
net to gross:
???
FVF (PVT):
5-10%
FVF (charts):
10-30%
For porosity (saturation and N:G) there will be a genuine distribution
around the field, or a field analogue: use it, but NEVER use the (vertical)
distribution from one well. Commonly there is only one PVT analysis,
use +/- 10%

19/12/15Slide 10

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Expectation curve construction

19/12/15Slide 11

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Volumetric Uncertainty 2
f
30
So
N/G
BV

Monte Carlo
0
50

0.1

0.3

p
100

0
19/12/15Slide 12

STOIIP 300

Expectation Curve

50

STOIIP
300
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Expectation Curves

Cumulative probability

%
100
85
50
15
0
Low Medium High

STOIIP in Mbbls

After appraisal
19/12/15Slide 13

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