DIABETES MELLITUS

Writen By : Group 1 (One)

Aci Lestari
A21309001
Alhamiah Utami A21309002
Anggita Priliandini
A21309003
Ayu Wandira
A21309006
Dera Fara WindaA21309009
Didi Herawan J
A21309010
Eka Elma Tiara
A21309011

 DEFINITION
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred
to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases
in which there are high blood sugar levels over
a prolonged period
Types Of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) The body stops
producing insulin or produces too little insulin to
regulate blood glucose level.
- Type 1 diabetes involves about 10% of all
people with diabetes in the United States.
- Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed during
childhood or adolescence. It used to be referred
to as juvenile-onset diabetes or insulindependent diabetes mellitus
- People with type 1 diabetes require insulin
treatment daily to sustain life.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D): Although the pancreas

still secretes insulin, the body of someone with type
2 diabetes is partially or completely unable to use
this insulin.
At least 90% of adult individuals with diabetes have
type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed in adulthood,
usually after age 45 years.
Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled with diet,
weight loss, exercise, and oral medications
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a form of diabetes
that occurs during the second half of pregnancy.
Although gestational diabetes typically resolves
after delivery of the baby, a woman who develop
gestational diabetes is more likely than other
women to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to
have large babies.

Signs and symptoms of

Symptoms typical
diabetes

- Polyuria ( frequent urination especially at night )

- Poliphagia( lots of fast food or hungry )
- Polydipsia ( excessive thirst )
Symptoms other
- Skin disorders such as itching and sores .
- Gynecological disorders , such as vaginal discharge that
causes
the candida fungus and abnormal menstrual patterns .
- Impotence in men
- Tingling and numbness ( numbness ) in the fingers and
toes that
causes neuropathy .
- The body feels weak and easily tired
- Weight loss without a specific cause .

Complications Diabetes Mellitus

Refer to the separate articles under 'Acute' and 'Chronic'
headings in this section.
Acute
See
Diabetic
Ketoacidosis
and
Hyperosmolar
Hyperglycaemic
State
- See Emergency Management of Hypoglycaemia
Chronic
- Cardiovascular disease
- See Diabetic Nephropathy.
- See Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Eye Problems.
- See Diabetic Neuropathy, Autonomic Neuropathy and
Neuropathic Pain and its Management.
- See Diabetic Foot, Leg Ulcers and Painful Foot.
- Frequent, recurrent and persistent infections.

Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Dietary Management
and Physical Activity
Modifying eating habits
and increasing physical
activity are typically the
first steps toward
reducing blood sugar
levels.
Insulin Therapy
People with type 1
diabetes require multiple
insulin injections each
day to maintain safe
insulin levels.

Oral Medications
Sometimes blood
sugar levels remain
high in people with
type 2 diabetes even
though they eat in a
healthy manner and
exercise. When this
happens, medications
taken in pill form may
be prescribed

Prevention Of Diabetes Mellitus

Tip 1: Get more
physical activity
There
are
many
benefits to regular
physical activity.
Exercise can help you:
- Lose weight
- Lower
your
blood
sugar
- Boost your sensitivity
to insulin which
helps keep your blood
sugar within a normal
range

Tip 2: Get plenty of

fiber
It's rough, it's tough and it may help you:
- Reduce your risk of
diabetes by improving
your blood sugar control
- Lower your risk of heart
disease
- Promote weight loss by
helping you feel full
Foods high in fiber
include
fruits,
vegetables,
beans,
whole grains, nuts and
seeds.

 Tip 3: Go for whole Tip 5: Skip fad diets

grains
and just make
Although it's not clear
healthier choices
why, whole grains may
Low-carb diets, the
reduce your risk of
glycemic index diet or
diabetes and help
other fad diets may
maintain blood sugar
help you lose weight
levels.
Tip 4: Lose extra
weight
If you're overweight,
diabetes prevention
may hinge on weight
loss.

THANK YOU