1

ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, 2005

McQuiston, Parker and Spitler, Heating,
Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, 6th edition,
Wiley, 2005






RTS
RTS1

3

Scheduling)

( )

5/73
5

( )
( )
( )

( )

10

)
33%
(

) 40%
27%

11

12

( 0.4% )

()
34.8

()
27.7

(kJ/kg) 2
88.5

33.9

28.0

90.1

33.3

27.1

86.1

33.3

28.1

90.4

32.8

28.1

90.3

32.4

27.8

89.1

33.2

28.0

89.9

13

24
DR DR
DR 6 5 (100%) 15 (0%)

1
2
3
4
5
6

DR

87
92
96
99
100
98

7
8
9
10
11
12

DR

93
84
71
56
39
23

13
14
15
16
17
18

DR

11
3
0
3
10
21

19
20
21
22
23
24

DR

34
47
58
68
76
82

14

m3/hr/m2
2.3
54/room
10
19
3.6
0.9
9.2
7.3
7.3
9.2

8.5L/s( )
ASHRAE 62.1

15

16

R (m /W)
2

0.043

0.0706

( 1/9)

0.111

0.003

( 1/7)

0.143

0.762

0.008

0.167

0.007

0.714

0.01

0.004

0.086

0.009

0.107

0.004

0.288

0.007

0.125

0.004

0.12

0.471

0.139

PU

0.04

0.01

0.588

0.008

0.091

0.1

0.234

7.62E-06

( )

0.086

2.86E-05

0.182

0.714
17

0.11

0.043

(R1+R2+R3+..)
=0.11+0.086+0.0706+0.043
=0.3096

U=3.23 W/m2

0.086

0.0706

18

19

20

 R ( )

U=1/R
= 0.07 hr ft 2F/Btu
= 0.07 x 5.678
= 0.397 W/m2 C

21/73
21

 =U (1/R) x x
( )

22

23

40cm

90cm

24

25


1367W/m2

600 W/m2

26

40%

27

28

l
h (
15 )
D
l=23o h=15o d=20.6o
Sin= 0.970

29

( )

A(W/m2)

-20.2

1202

0.141

0.103

-10.8

1187

0.142

0.104

1164

0.149

0.109

11.6

1130

0.164

0.12

20

1106

0.177

0.13

23.45

1092

0.185

0.137

20.6

1093

0.186

0.138

12.3

1107

0.182

0.134

1136

0.165

0.121

10

-10.5

1166

0.152

0.111

11

-19.8

1190

0.142

0.106

12

-23.45

1204

0.141

0.103

30

Normal direct irradiation

W/m2

G ND

exp( B / sin )

A (W/m2)
( apparent solar constant)
B (atmospheric extinction coefficient)

7 21

GND=1093/exp(0.186/0.970)
=902W/m2
31

Gd CG ND

C
(sky diffuse factor)

Gd = 0.138 x 902 = 125W/m2

=90, Fws =1/2

Gd = 125 x 0.5 =62.5W/m2
32

G=GD+ Gd

( )

G D G ND cos
= 0

GD GND
= 90
GD = 0
33

 0
G = 902 + 125=1027W/m2
90
G = 62.5 W/m2
34

cos cos cos sin sin cos

0
90

( )

( )

( )(
)

225 180
45
35

cos sin d cos cos d sin cosh / cos

d
L
h

7 21 1:00
= 20.6
Sin= 0.970
=23
Cos=0.243
15

cos( ) = (sin20.6 x cos23 - cos20.6 x sin23 x cos15)

/0.243
= -0.121
=187 ( )
36

 ( )
( ) = 180

( )=187-180=7

cos cos cos sin sin cos

cos 0.243 x cos 7 x sin 90 0.970 x cos 90
cos 0.243 x0.9925 0.241

76 deg
37

38

 ( )

39

40

 ( )

41

42

(Yazdanian and Klems)

43

44


(Conduction transfer
function)
--

45


/ (TETD/TA) TETD

(Sol-Air Temperature)

(TFM) TFM Z- (CTF)

(CLTD)/ (SCL) TFM

(CLF)
ASHRAE (RTS)

RTS

46

CLTD/CLF/SCL

47

CLTD/CLF/SCL

48


CLTD

CLTD

Note: CLTD values are obtained for indoor temperature of 78 and outdoor
temperature of 85.

49

CLF

50

RTS

51

 RTS

RTS
24

- (sol-air temperature)

RTS

RTS

RTSF(radiant time series factors)

52

RTS

PRF

RTS

53

Gt = GD + Gd

54

 ( -

t e

55

3.9C
0C

56

 q(conduction

24

q conduction A

23

Ypn (t
n 0

e,n

t rc )

t e,n n ()
t rc ()

A (m2)
Ypn
R
57

 PRF
Y
YP0
YP1
YP2
YP3
YP4
YP5
YP6
YP7
YP8
YP9
YP10
YP11
YP12
YP13
YP14
YP15
YP16
YP17
YP18
YP19
YP20
YP21
YP22
YP23

1
0.000156
0.0056
0.014795
0.014441
0.009628
0.005414
0.002786
0.001363
0.000647
0.000301
0.000139
0.000063
0.000029
0.000013
0.000006
0.000003
0.000001
0.000001
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
0.00052
0.001441
0.006448
0.012194
0.015366
0.016223
0.015652
0.014326
0.012675
0.010957
0.009313
0.007816
0.006497
0.00536
0.004395
0.003587
0.002915
0.002362
0.001909
0.001539
0.001239
0.000996
0.000799
0.000641

3
0.00053
0.000454
0.000446
0.000727
0.001332
0.002005
0.002544
0.002884
0.003039
0.003046
0.002949
0.002783
0.002576
0.002349
0.002116
0.001889
0.001672
0.001471
0.001286
0.001119
0.00097
0.000838
0.000721
0.000619

1
0.006192
0.04451
0.047321
0.03539
0.026082
0.019215
0.014156
0.010429
0.007684
0.005661
0.00417
0.003072
0.002264
0.001668
0.001229
0.000905
0.000667
0.000491
0.000362
0.000267
0.000196
0.000145
0.000107
0.000079

2
0.000004
0.000658
0.00427
0.007757
0.008259
0.006915
0.005116
0.003527
0.00233
0.001498
0.000946
0.000591
0.000366
0.000225
0.000138
0.000085
0.000052
0.000032
0.000019
0.000012
0.000007
0.000004
0.000003
0.000002

3
0.00159
0.002817
0.006883
0.009367
0.009723
0.009224
0.008501
0.007766
0.007076
0.006443
0.005865
0.005338
0.004859
0.004422
0.004025
0.003664
0.003335
0.003035
0.002763
0.002515
0.002289
0.002083
0.001896
0.001726

58


Ypn R (W/m2C)
R
1 R=3.18
R=0.94
2 R=1.13
R=4.11
3 R=4.36

1
2
3 R=1.5
59

W
97
117
132

W
66
72
73

W
31
45
59

162

81

81

220

81

139
60

0.7

0.3

0.67

0.33

0.2

0.8

0.63

0.37

0.84

0.16

0.63

0.37

61

q outdoor Q h h / / 2
.

62

qSHG SHGC f Asl , f GD SHGC f Af Gd SHGCgD Asl , g GD SHGCgd Ag Gd ki N

SHGC f

(Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of the frame)

SHGC f 5f U f / ho 0.93

63

( )
ALL
2.38 2.27 2.2 1.92 1.8 1.74
( )

1.2 0.92 0.83 1.32 1.13 1.11

n/a 0.88 0.77 n/a 1.04 1.02

/
0.6 0.58 0.51 0.55 0.51 0.48

n/a 0.55 0.48 n/a 0.48 0.44

0.55 0.51 0.48 0.55 0.48 0.42

n/a 0.49 0.4 n/a 0.42 0.35

/ 0.37 0.33 0.32 0.37 0.33 0.32

n/a 0.32 0.26 n/a 0.32 0.26

64

( )
( )
( )
( )

( )

0.63
0.63
0.94
0.5
0.26
0.65
0.8
0.82
0.91
0.97
0.75
0.6-0.83
0.9-0.95

65

SHGC gd

ID

5b

29b

in. (mm)

40

SHGC gD

50
60

70

80

1/8 (3.2)

CLR

SHGC 0.86

0.84

0.82

0.78

0.67

0.42

0.78

1/8 (3.2)

CLR

SHGC 0.76

0.74

0.71

0.64

0.5

0.26

0.66

1/4 (6.4)

CLR CLR

SHGC

0.7

0.67

0.64

0.58

0.45

0.23

0.6

1/8 (3.2)

Low-e
e=0.1 LE CLR SHGC 0.65

0.64

0.62

0.56

0.43

0.23

0.57

1/8 (3.2)

Low-e
e=0.1 CLR LE SHGC

0.6

0.58

0.56

0.51

0.4

0.22

0.52

1/8 (3.2)

CLR CLR
CLR

SHGC 0.68

0.65

0.62

0.54

0.39

0.18

0.57

1/4 (6.4)

CLR CLR
CLR

SHGC 0.61

0.58

0.55

0.48

0.35

0.16

0.51

0.58

0.55

0.48

0.35

0.17

0.51

0.6

0.57

0.49

0.36

0.16

0.52

1/8 (3.2)
1/8 (3.2)

e=0.2 LE SHGC 0.6

CLR CLR

e=0.2 CLR CLR SHGC 0.62

LE

66

SHGC = 0.87 x SC(shading coefficient, )

SHGC
SW, SH

WH

PH

PV
67

q radiation
RTS
(
)

RTF

q ,CL r0 q r1 q r2 q 2 r3 q 3 r23 q 23
q ,CL
q n n

rn

68

R
r0
r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
r7
r8
r9
r10
r11
r12
r13
r14
r15
r16
r17
r18
r19
r20
r21
r22
r23

LW
0.50619
0.22962
0.11864
0.0639
0.03533
0.01989
0.01134
0.00653
0.0038
0.00222
0.00131
0.00079
0.00048
0.0003
0.0002
0.00014
0.0001
0.00008
0.00007
0.00006
0.00006
0.00005
0.00005
0.00005

MW1
MW2
0.51669
0.25509
0.20833
0.11396
0.10846
0.06959
0.06232
0.05133
0.03785
0.04259
0.02373
0.03771
0.01515
0.03461
0.00977
0.03241
0.00634
0.03071
0.00413
0.02931
0.0027
0.02809
0.00177
0.027
0.00117
0.02598
0.00078
0.02504
0.00052
0.02414
0.00036
0.02328
0.00025
0.02246
0.00018
0.02167
0.00013
0.02091
0.0001
0.02018
0.00008
0.01948
0.00007
0.0188
0.00006
0.01815
0.00005
0.01751

HW
0.22419
0.07686
0.05778
0.05019
0.04565
0.04243
0.0399
0.03779
0.03596
0.03433
0.03286
0.03151
0.03026
0.0291
0.02802
0.027
0.02604
0.02513
0.02427
0.02345
0.02267
0.02192
0.02121
0.02052

LW
0.47997
0.24464
0.12726
0.06711
0.03607
0.01977
0.01102
0.00624
0.00358
0.00208
0.00122
0.00073
0.00044
0.00028
0.00018
0.00013
0.00010
0.00008
0.00007
0.00006
0.00005
0.00005
0.00005
0.00005

MW1
MW2
0.51430
0.18452
0.18969
0.09653
0.10804
0.06789
0.06733
0.05450
0.04289
0.04712
0.02756
0.04257
0.01779
0.03949
0.01152
0.03724
0.00748
0.03547
0.00486
0.03399
0.00317
0.03269
0.00207
0.03151
0.00136
0.03041
0.00090
0.02938
0.00060
0.02840
0.00041
0.02745
0.00028
0.02654
0.00020
0.02566
0.00014
0.02482
0.00011
0.02400
0.00008
0.02321
0.00007
0.02244
0.00006
0.02170
0.00005
0.02098

HW
0.17981
0.08864
0.06278
0.05178
0.04590
0.04224
0.03970
0.03776
0.03618
0.03481
0.03358
0.03244
0.03137
0.03036
0.02939
0.02846
0.02756
0.02670
0.02586
0.02506
0.02428
0.02353
0.02280
0.02210

69

70

qconvective qconduction qconductionwindow

qlight qequipment q peoples
qoutdoor

71

72

R(Fft2hr/Btu)/5.678=R(m2C/W)

73

R(Fft2hr/Btu)/5.678=R(m2C/W)

74

1- 30%
RC

30 60
( )
40
4

2m
30%(
1.2m)

75

2- 30%
1.0m RC

1.0m
1

76

d
k
mm
W/m.K

RC
(U=3.49W/m2K)

m2.K/W
0.0435

Cp
kJ/kg.K

kg/m3

0.84

2400

0.80

2000

10

1.3

15

1.5

0.0077
0.0100

120

1.4

0.0857

0.88

2200

10

1.5

0.0067

0.80

2000

Cp
kJ/kg.K

kg/m3

1.25
1.10
0.90
0.88
0.84
0.84

37.5
600
1020
2200
1.6
300

0.1111

d
k
mm
W/m.K

RC (
U=0.75W/m2K ))

ra

PU

2
100
10
150
20
15

0.05
0.17
0.11
1.4
0.11
0.064

ra
m2.K/W
0.0435
0.0400
0.5882
0.0909
0.1071
0.1818
0.2344
0.1429

77


RC ( )(U=3.37W/m2K)

d
k
mm
W/m.K

ra
m2.K/W

Cp
kJ/kg.K

150

1.4

0.88

0.6

0.6

0.9

0. 9

kg/m3

0.1429
0.1071

2200

0.1429

U ( )
( )

(SC)

(SHGC)

3.175 mm
13 mm
1.526
0.86156
1.06 W/m.K
3.0 W/m2.K
0.9
/m3
750 J/kg.K

0.907
0.789

78

0.10
/m2

20W/m2

79

20W/m2

70
W/ 60 W/

ASHRAE
Standard 62.1
8.5L/s

80


ANSI/ASHRAE Std. 140

DOE2 10%

DOE 2 ASHRAE Handbook 2005

(0.4% ) 34.8db,
27.7wb, 88.5kJ/kg

81


RTS-1 DOE-2

RTS-1
DOE-2 2.2%

DOE 2

RTS-1

kW

kW

2057.08

1986.3

-3.6%

1919.91

1905.2

-0.8%

2.2%

(%)

RTS-1
82

7
21

67 %

6 %

27 %

83

34.8

33.3

32.8

26.6

26.3

27.2

6.8

6.8

4.2

Drybulb at High

Wetbulb at High

( :ASHRAE
Fundamental Handbook Ch28, 2005 edition)

84

7 21

7 21

(kW)

(%)

1898.1

1833.9

-3.5

1890.2

-0.42

7 21

85


(U =3.49W/m2K)

PRF/RTF Generator (U =2.197W/m2K)

(PRF, Periodic Response Factors)

PRF/RTF Generator

0.0039605

13

0.0125657

0.0236999

14

0.0109189

0.0411073

15

0.0094879

0.0419865

16

0.0082445

0.0380431

17

0.007164

0.0334413

18

0.0062251

0.0291531

19

0.0054092

0.0253556

20

0.0047003

0.0220383

21

0.0040843

10

0.0191515

22

0.003549

11

0.0166419

23

0.0030839

12

0.0144609

24

0.0026797

(PRF)

86

87

kW

88

(kW)

(%)

( )

1898.1

1785.3

5.94

1833.9

1733.1

5.49

1890.2

1793.8

5.1

( )
( )

( )
( )

( )

5.51 %

19.27%

(kW)

(%)

( )

567.8

455

19.87

525.8

425.4

19.09

511.7

415.3

18.84

( )
( )

( )
( )

( )

89


( 30%)
10% 50% 5

30%

90

 - &

30%

30%

91


30%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

1736.5
-8.513776935

1817.3
-4.083076457

1898.1
-

1978.9
4.256888467

2059.7
8.166152913

5.003978954

30%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

1670.6
-8.904520421

1752.2
-4.264982251

1833.9
-

1915.6
4.45498664

1984.5
7.861766548

5.097251172

30%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

1726.3
-8.671040102

1808.3
-4.152722848

1890.2
-

1972.2
4.338165274

2054.1
8.310516175

5.09448888

30%

92


( 26 )
24 28 5

26

93

 - &

26

26

94


26

2046.4
-7.813076234

1972.9
-3.940782888

1898.1
-

1822
4.00927243

1744.4
8.097571255

4.772140562

26

1951.9
-6.43437483

1908.8
-4.084192159

1833.9
-

1757.7
4.155079339

1680.1
8.386498719

4.612029009

26

2038.9
-7.866892392

1965.2
-3.967834092

1890.2
-

1813.9
4.036609883

1736.1
8.152576447

4.804782563

26

95


( 0 )
45 0 135 4

96

90
45

135

97

45

90

135

1898.1

2009.6

2039.1

2045.5

5.874295348

7.428481113

7.765660397

45

90

135

1833.9

1944

1974.6

1981.9

6.003598888

7.672174055

8.070232837

45

90

135

1890.2

1992.8

2029.6

2035.7

5.427997037

7.374880965

7.697598138

98



10

99

 - &

100

RTS
RTS

RTS-1

RTS-1 DOE-2

10%

RTS-1

3.5%

101


RC U 3.49

W/m2K 2.197 W/m2K

5.51 % 19.27%

24

1 4.73%

102


2:1 45

3
135

90 45

1.7M
3kW 1.7M

103

 RTS1

104