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Introduction:
Biogas is formed by the natural degradation of organic
matter under anaerobic conditions.
Microbially controlled production of biogas is an important
part of the global carbon cycle.
Every year 590-800 million tons of methane are released
into the atmosphere.
Biogas contains 50-70% methane and 30% carbon
dioxide.
HISTORY:
Biogas was used for heating bath water in Assyria as long
as 10 th century B.C.
Well documented attempts to harness biogas dates from
mid 19th century in New-Zealand and India.
In 2007 , the number of biogas plants in china was 26.5
million.
In 1999, the number of biogas plants in india was 3 million.
The national project on biogas development has run since
1981-1982 and promotes its own digester designs.
Subsidies from state govt and central govt to install house
hold bioreactors ranged from 30% to 100% in the 1980s
-1990s.
.Principle:
.Biogas is produced as a result of anaerobic fermentation
of biomass in the presence of water.
.Fixed dome type biogas plants are much more
commonly found than Floating gas holder type biogas
plant because:
>requires only locally and easily available materials for
construction.
>inexpensive and easy to construct.
.Limitations:
.The construction costs of biogas plants vary between
different countries, they are often high relative to the
income of the farmers and other potential users.
Poor farmers are still lacking behind for adopting this
technology because:
>Initial cost of installation of the plant is high.
>Number of cattle owned by an average family of farmers
is inadequate to feed a biogas plant.
.Conclusions:
.Biogas technology offers a vast set of benefits.
.Except India and China, in other developing countries,
the proportion of functional plants is often 50% or less.
.Considerable govt. involvement is requested for these
support networks to be continued over time.
.Its a challenge to develop designs of biogas plants
which