OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH HAZARDS
Dale M. Hizon, M.D.
Occupational Health Officer
Occupational Safety and Health Center

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

PHYSICAL
HAZARD

ERGONOMIC
HAZARD

CHEMICAL
HAZARD

BIOLOGICAL
HAZARD

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

OBJECTIVES:
Discuss

and explain common hazards in the

workplace and their effects to workers health.

Recommend

appropriate measures to
prevent occupational and work-related
illnesses.

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
ILO/WHO )

Promote and maintain the highest degree of physical,

mental & social well-being of workers of all occupations

Prevent workers from departures due to health caused

by their working conditions

Protect workers in their working environment from

hazards and risks usually causing adverse health effects

Place & maintain a worker in an occupational

environment adapted to his/her physiological ability
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

HAZARD AND RISK

HAZARD
- any source of
potential damage,
harm or adverse
health effects on
something or
someone under
certain conditions at
work.

RISK
- the chance or
probability that a
person will be
harmed or
experience an
adverse health
effect if exposed to
a hazard.

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

WORKPLACE HAZARDS
Safety Hazards

working conditions where

harm to the workers is of an
immediate and violent nature
result in broken bones, cuts,
bruises, sprains, loss of limbs,
etc.
the harm results in some kind
of injury to the worker
associated with poorly
guarded or dangerous
equipment and machinery

Health Hazards

working conditions which

result in an illness

exposure to dangerous
substances or conditions,
such as chemicals, gases,
dusts, noise etc.

often, latency between

exposure and disease

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Lifestyle

Genetic
factors

Multiplicity of
exposure
Duration of
exposure

Age

WORKRELATED
DISEASE

Workers
Susceptibility
Race

Workplace
Physical
Factors
properties
Magnitude of
exposure

Gender
Medical
history
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Timing of
exposure

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Routes of entry into the body
Inhalation

Skin Contact

Ingestion
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Routes of excretion

Gastro-intestinal
(feces)

Renal (urine)

Respiratory
(exhalation)

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Skin (sweat, hair, nails)

LD 50 - Dose lethal to 50% of test animals

BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Threshold:
point at which toxicity first appears
occurs at the point where the body's ability to
detoxify or repair toxic injury has been exceeded.
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Measures of concentration of toxic substances

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)- average concentration

of an airborne substance to which most workers
could be safely exposed over an eight-hour working
day or forty-hour working week throughout a working
lifetime

Maximal Allowable Concentration (MAC)- peak or

maximum concentration of an airborne to which
most workers could be safely exposed.
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Classification of Toxic Effects

Local toxicity- occurs at the site of chemical contact

Systemic toxicity- occurs distant from point of contact,

may involve many organ systems

Acute toxicity- occurs almost immediately (hours/days)

after an exposure

Chronic toxicity- represents cumulative damage to

specific organ systems; occurs many months or years to
have recognizable clinical disease
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Health Effects
Renal Diseases
Respiratory Diseases
Skin Diseases
Hematologic Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
Neurologic Diseases
Carcinogenic
Teratogenic
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Effects

Chemical Agent

Industry/Process

Renal Diseases:
acute/chronic renal
failure

Battery, chemical
Mercury, cadmium,
industries,
chloroform
pesticide

Respiratory Diseases:
Irritation, inflammation

Solvents, ammonia Chemical industries

Pneumoconiosis

Inorganic dust

Mining, construction,
sandblasting, coal

Cancer

Chromium

Plating, metal refining

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Blood Diseases:
Anemia
Aplastic anemia
Skin Diseases:
Allergic/contact
dermatitis

Lead

Battery mfg., lead

smelting

Benzene

Solvent & soap mfg.

Plastic epoxides

Plastic, varnish

Acne

Cutting oils, grease Machine-tool

operators

Skin Cancer

Arsenic, tar
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Petroleum refinery

Chemical Hazards
Liver Disease:
Acute liver toxicity
Liver cancer

Carbon
tetrachloride

Cleaning fluids, dry

cleaners

Vinyl chloride

Plastics & vinyl

chloride mfg.

Cardiovascular Disease:
Hypertension
Lead, Cadmium

Battery mfg. &

recycling

Atherosclerosis

Carbon disulfide

Degreasing, dry
cleaning

Arrythmias

Fluorocarbon,
trichloroethylene

Refrigeration, solvent
workers

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Physical Hazards

Noise

Vibration

Extreme Temperature

Illumination

Radiation
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Ear Anatomy

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

NOISE
Types of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Temporary
temporary

Threshold Shift (auditory fatigue)

loss of hearing acuity after exposure to

loud noise
recovery within 16-48 hrs
Permanent

Threshold Shift

irreversible

loss of hearing
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

NOISE
Early Signs of Hearing Loss

Difficulty in understanding spoken words in a

noisy environment
Need to be near or look at the person
speaking to help understand words
Familiar sounds are muffled
Complaints that people do not speak clearly
Ringing noises in the ears (tinnitus)
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Other Harmful Effects of

Noise

Hypertension
Hyperacidity
Palpitations
Disturbs relaxation and sleep

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

VIBRATION

Physical factor which affects man by

transmission of mechanical energy from
oscillating sources

Types
Segmental vibration
Whole body vibration

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Segmental Vibration:

Health Effects:
Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)
tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers
pain

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Whole Body Vibration:

Health effects:
Fatigue
Irritability
Headache
Disorders of the spine

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

EXTREME TEMPERATURE

Sources of heat stress:

Natural

Conditions
Hot work processes related to furnaces, kilns,
boilers and smelting

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Health Effects of Heat Stress

Disorders

Clinical features

Prickly Heat (Miliaria rubra) Pruritic rash

Heat cramps

Cramps in the body,

usually legs

Heat exhaustion

Dizziness, fainting attack,

blurring of vision, cold,
clammy and sweaty skin

Heat stroke

Cyanosis, muscle
twitchings, disorientation,
delirium, convulsions
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

EXTREME TEMPERATURE
Sources
Ice

of Cold Environment:

plants and freezers in the food industry

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Health Effects of Cold Temperature

Frostbite: reddening of skin,

localized burning pain and
numbness. Fingers, toes, cheeks,
nose, ears are most susceptible.

trench foot or immersion foot:

numbness, pain, cramps,
ulceration and gangrene.

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

ILLUMINATION
Recommended Illumination Levels
Area of Operation

Min Lighting Level (lux)

2000

Cutting Cloth
Fine machining
Transcribing handwriting
Drafting

1000

Welding
First Aid station

500

Lunch Room
Rest Room

300

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Inadequate Illumination
Health Effects
Visual Fatigue
Double Vision
Headaches
Painful irritation
Lacrimation
Conjunctivitis

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Electromagnetic Spectrum
Frequency in hertz (Hz)

X-rays, about
1 billion
billion Hz
can penetrate
the body and damage
internal organs and tissues
by damaging important
molecules like DNA.
This is called ionization.

Gamma rays
X-rays
Ultraviolet radiation

IONIZING RADIATION

Source

Visible light
Infrared radiation

Microwaves, several billion Hz,

can have thermal or hearing
effects on body tissues

Microwaves

Power frequency EMFs 50 or

60 Hz carry very little energy,
have no ionizing effects 800 - 900 MHz
- 30 Hz &
and usually no thermal 15
50 - 90 Hz
effects. They can, however,
cause very weak electric
currents to flow in the body.

Radio waves
Very low frequency (VLF)
3,000 - 30,000 Hz
Extremely low frequency
(ELF) 3 - 3,000 Hz
Direct current

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

22

10
20
10
18
10
16
10
14
10
12
10
10
10
8
10
6
10
4
10
2
10

60 Hz

RADIATION
Types

Sources

Health Effects

Ionizing

X-rays
Gamma rays

Cancer, congenital
defects, death

Non-ionizing

Ultraviolet

skin redness, premature

skin ageing, and skin
cancer
corneal and conjunctival
burns, retinal injury,
cataract
Skin and eye problem

Infrared
Laser
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
VIRUSES

FUNGI

PARASITES

BACTERIA

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Selected Infectious Diseases

and Occupations
Agent / Disease

Occupation

Colds, influenza, scarlet fever,

diphtheria, smallpox

May be contracted anywhere

Tuberculosis

Silica workers, people exposed

to heat and organic dusts, and
medical personnel

Anthrax

Animal handlers and handlers

of carcasses, skins, hides, or
hair of infected animals,
including wool carpet
processors and handlers.
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Selected Infectious Diseases

and Occupations
Agent / Disease

Occupation

Ringworm (in horses, cattle,

deer, pigs, cats, dogs, birds)

Pet shop salesmen, stockmen,

breeders of cats and dogs, and
other animal handlers

Tetanus

Farmers (spores in soil) or

anyone in contact with manure.

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Selected Infectious Diseases

and Occupations
Agent / Disease

Occupation

Psittacosis (in parrots,

parakeets, pigeons, ducks,
turkeys, chickens, etc.)

Pet shop personnel, gardeners,

housewives, veterinary
surgeons, and researchers.

Hookworm

Miners, agricultural laborers,

planters of sugar, tobacco, tea,
rice and cotton, and brick and
tunnel workers.

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Selected Infectious Diseases

and Occupations
Agent / Disease

Occupation

Rabies (e.g. dogs, bats, rats,

pigs, cats)

Veterinarians, letter carriers,

laboratory research workers,
agricultural workers.

Fungus

Farmers, outdoor workers,

animal handlers

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

HIV and AIDS

H- Human

A- Acquired

I- Immunodeficiency

I- Immune

V- Virus
virus which causes
AIDS

D- Deficiency
S- Syndrome
serious and usually fatal
condition in which the bodys
immune system is severely
weakened and cannot fight
off infection.

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS

Demographic Data

Feb 2009

Jan Feb 2009

Cumulative Data
1984 2009

Total Reported Cases

47

112

3,701

Asymptomatic Cases

45

107

2,893

AIDS Cases

808

Males

38

95

2,595*

Females

17

1,095*

Youth 15-24 y/o

12

31

537

Children <15 y/o

52

Reported deaths due to

AIDS

317

Source: HIV / AIDS Registry, Department of Health, Philippines

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

* Note: No data available on sex for eleven (11) cases.

Modes of HIV Transmission

Reported Mode of
Transmission

Feb
2009
n=47

Jan-Feb
2009
n= 112

Cumulative Data:
19842009
N=3,701

43

107

3,297

Heterosexual contact

13

36

2,034 (62%)

Homosexual contact

14

37

872 (26%)

Bisexual contact

16

34

391 (12%)

Blood / Blood Products

19

Injecting Drug Use

Needle Prick Injury

Mother-to-Child

49

No data available

325

Sexual Contact

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Body Fluids with High Viral Load

Blood
Semen
Vaginal and cervical mucus
Breastmilk
Amniotic fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Modes of Transmission

Unprotected penetrative sex

semen, blood, vaginal secretions

Blood transfusion on infected blood and blood products

Sharing needles among

I.V. drug users

Vertical/perinatal

mother to infant

Breastfeeding
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

HIV is NOT transmitted

through casual contact in any setting schools, homes,

hospitals

through insect, food, water, clothes, toilets, swimming

pools, and drinking and eating utensils

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Prevention of HIV Infection

REMEMBER ABCDE!
Abstinence

Be

Faithful

Condom

Do

not inject Drugs/no

sharing of needles

Education

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

TETANUS

A neurological disorder
characterized by increased
muscle tone and spasms, that is
caused by tetanospasmin, a
protein toxin elaborated by the
organism Clostridium tetani.

It arises from the contamination

of wounds with Clostridium
spores.
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

TETANUS

Clinical Manifestations
Increased tone in the
masseter muscle
(lockjaw)
Sustained contraction of
the facial muscles (risus
sardonicus) and back
muscles (opisthotonus)

Prevention
Active immunization with
tetanus toxoid
Careful wound
management
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

TUBERCULOSIS
caused by the bacteria,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
caused by droplet nuclei
released when sneezing and
coughing
Symptoms: weight loss, low
grade afternoon fever,
persistent cough and
sometimes, blood-streaked
expectoration or hemoptysis

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Ten Leading Causes of Death by Sex

Number, Rate/100,000 Population &
Percentage, Philippines, 2004
Cause

Male

Female

1. Heart Diseases

40,361

2. Vascular System Diseases

Both Sexes
No.

Rate

Percent*

30,500

70,861

84.8

17.6

28,930

22,750

51,680

61.8

12.8

3. Malignant Neoplasm

21,395

19,129

40,524

48.5

10.1

4. Accidents**

28,041

6,442

34,483

41.3

8.6

5. Pneumonia

15,822

16,276

32,098

38.4

8.0

6. Tuberculosis, all forms

17,841

8,029

25,870

31.0

6.4

7. Ill-defined and unknown causes of

mortality

10,941

10,362

21,278

25.5

5.3

8. Chronic lower respiratory diseases

13,084

5,891

18,975

22.7

4.7

9. Diabetes Mellitus

7,970

8,582

16,552

19.8

4.1

10. Certain conditions from perinatal

period

7,809

5,371

13,180

15.8

3.6

Source: 2004 Philippine Health Statistics, Last Update: February 11, 2008
* percent share from total deaths, all causes, Philippines ** External Causes of Mortality

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

DOTS Strategythe Solution!

Directly Observed Therapy Short Course

With DOTS
90% CURE RATE

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

ERGONOMICS
Human Biological Science
+
Engineering Science
____________________________________
MAXIMUM SATISFACTION AND INCREASE
PRODUCTIVITY

fitting the job to the worker

BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

ERGONOMICS
the task
(job content &
context)
the
organization

the
environment

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

the
tool

the
workstation

ERGONOMICS
Goal
to

reduce work-related musculoskeletal

disorders (MSDs) developed by workers

MSDs

are injuries and illnesses that affect

muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints
or spinal discs.
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

ERGONOMICS
Common Symptoms of MSDs

Painful joints
Pain, tingling, numbness in hands, wrists,
forearms, shoulders, knees and feet
Shooting or stubbing pains
Swelling or inflammation

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

ERGONOMICS
Common Symptoms of MSDs

Fingers or toes turning white

Back or neck pain
Stiffness

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Static
posture

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Forceful exertion
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Repetitive movement
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Extreme range of motion

BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Awkward posture

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

ERGONOMICS

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

STRESS

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

STRESS
The harmful physical and emotional responses
that occurs when the requirements of the job
do not match the capabilities, resources or
needs of the worker.

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

STRESS: Effects

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

STRESS
Manifestations of Stress

PSYCHOLOGICAL
Fatigue
Anxiety
Tension
Irritability
Depression
Boredom
Inability to
concentrate
Low esteem

PHYSIOLOGICAL
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Indigestion

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

BEHAVIORAL
Drug use
Alcohol intake
Heavy smoking
Impulsive emotional
behavior

Poor work & family

relationship
Social isolation
Family abandonment
Sleep problems

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

MONITORING
Systematic, continuous, repetitive healthrelated activities that should lead to
corrective action
Types of monitoring
1. Ambient / Environmental
2. Biological
3. Medical Surveillance
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

BIOLOGICAL
MONITORING

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Biological Monitoring
Measurement

of a substance, its metabolites

or its effects in body tissues, fluids or exhaled
air of exposed person

Assess

exposure and health risk of workers

Complements

sampling

exposure assessment by air

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Biological Monitoring
Chemical /
Determinant
LEAD
Lead in Blood
MERCURY
Total inorganic in urine
Total inorganic in blood
CARBON MONOXIDE
Carboxyhemoglobin in
blood

Sampling Time

BEI

Not critical

30ug/100ml

Prior to shift
End of shift at end of
workweek

35ug/g
15ug/L

End of shift

3.5% of Hgb

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Medical Surveillance

Identify cases

Analyze Trends and Patterns in the Workforce

to Guide Prevention Efforts

Meet Regulatory Requirements

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Medical Surveillance

Know the hazard

- How worker is exposed

- How worker is affected

Characterize the hazard

- Exposure levels
- Exposure duration

Know the worker

- Susceptibilities

Obtain information on
medical examinations

- Directed towards specific

organ system

Analyze Medical Data

- Disease, recovery, rehab

- Effectiveness or failure of
control measures

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF

OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
Monitoring Activity

Environmental monitoring

Workplace-Related Events
Exposure at the workplace
- Chemicals
- Physical agents

Health Effects

None

Biologically significant exposure

Biological monitoring and
surveillance

- Chemicals absorbed

Early

- Early (reversible) changes

Clinical diagnosis
Treatment and surveillance
- Morbidity
- Mortality

- measurable health effects

End effects
- diseases
- unfavorable events (spontaneous
abortion)

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Late

Standards, Policies and

Guidelines

Occupational Safety and Health Standards

Rule 1050
Notification and Keeping of Records of Accidents
and/or Occupational illnesses

Rule 1070
Occupational Health and Environmental Control

Rule 1960
Occupational Health Services
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Rule 1960:
Occupational Health Services
1961: General Provisions
1. Every employer shall establish in his place of
employment occupational health services in
accordance with the regulation and guidelines
provided for under this rule.
2. The employer, workers, and their representatives,
where they exist, shall cooperate and participate in
the implementation of the organizational and other
measures relating to occupational health services.
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Rule 1960:
Occupational Health Services
1963: Emergency Health Services
1963.01: Medicines and Facilities
1963.02: Emergency Medical and Dental Services

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Rule 1960:
Occupational Health Services
Hazardous Workplaces:
Number of workers

OH Physician

OH Dentist

OH Nurse

1 50

First Aider
1 Full time

51 - 99

1 Part time
4 hours/day 6x/week

1 Full time

100 199

1 Part time
4hrs/day 3x/week *

1 Part time
4hrs/day 3x/week *

1 Full time

1 Full time

200 - 600

1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week **

1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week **

1 Full time

1 Full time

601 - 2000

1 Full time or
2 Part Time
4hrs/day 6x/week

1 Full time

1 Full time every shift

1 Full time every shift

2000 and more

1 Full time
1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week

1 Full time

1 Full time every shift

1 Full time every shift

*Alternate each day

** Alternate workshift in a day

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Rule 1960:
Occupational Health Services
Non - Hazardous Workplaces:
Number of workers

OH Physician

OH Dentist

OH Nurse

1 - 99

First Aider
1 Full time

100 199

1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week

1 Full time

200 - 600

1 Part time
4hrs/day 3x/week *

1 Part time
4hrs/day 3x/week *

1 Full time

1 Full time

601 - 2000

1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week **

1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week **

1 Full time every shift

1 Full time every shift

2000 and more

1 Full time
1 Part time
4hrs/day 6x/week

1 Full time

1 Full time every shift

1 Full time every shift

*Alternate each day

** Alternate workshift in a day

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Rule 1960:
Occupational Health Services
1963.03: Emergency Hospital

An employer may not establish an emergency

hospital or dental clinic in his workplace as
required in these regulations where there is a
hospital or dental clinic which is located not more
than five (5) kilometers away from the
workplace, if situated in any urban area, or which
can be reached in twenty-five (25) minutes of
travel, if situated in rural area, and the employer
has facilities readily available for transporting
workers to the hospital or dental clinic in case of
emergency.
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Rule 1960:
Occupational Health Services

Health Examinations:
Entrance
Periodic
Special examination
Transfer examination
Separation examination

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH PROGRAMS

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Key Elements of the

Occupational Health Program
Health Protection
Health Promotion
Health Rehabilitation

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Health and Safety Programs

Hazards/
Disease
Chemical
Solvents

Physical
Noise

Source

Health Effect

Health Program

Paints,
Thinners

Irritant,
Multisystem
effects

Surveillance for chemical

exposure
Exposure monitoring
(Biologic Monitoring)

Woodwork
Operations

Hearing
Impairment

Hearing Conservation
Program

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Health and Safety Programs

Hazards/
Disease
Biologic
Tetanus
Ergonomic
Stresses
Cumulative
Trauma
Disorder

Source

Health Effect

Health Program

Dirty Nails, soil

Lockjaw, rigidity,
death

Immunization

Awkward
postures, Heavy
loads

Musculoskeletal
Disorders

Management or
personnel methods;
Workplace
modification
Worker education
and training;
Back Care Program

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Health Promotion

Physical activity, Nutrition, Weight reduction

Immunization
OSHS, RULE 1960

Smoking cessation
RA 9211 Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003

HIV/AIDS
RA 8504 Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of
1998
National Workplace Policy on STD/HIV/AIDS initiated by
DOLE - 1997
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Health Promotion

Drug Abuse Prevention and Control

RA 9165 Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002
Department Order No. 53-03: Guidelines for the
Implementation of a Drug-Free Workplace Policy and
Program for the Private Sector

Tuberculosis Prevention and Control

Executive Order No. 187, Instituting a Comprehensive
and Unified Policy for Tuberculosis Control in the
Philippines (CUP) (March 2003)
Department Order No. 73-05: Guidelines for the
Implementation of Policy and Program on
Tuberculosis (TB) Prevention and Control in the
Workplace
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 56-03

RATIONALIZING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FAMILY
WELFARE PROGRAM (FWP) IN DOLE
SECTION 2. New Priorities of the Family Welfare Program
a) Reproductive Health and Responsible Parenthood
b) Education/Gender Equality
c) Spirituality or Value Formation
d) Income Generation/Livelihood/Cooperative
e) Medical Health Care
f) Nutrition
g) Environmental Protection, Hygiene and Sanitation
h) Sports and Leisure
i) Housing
j) Transportation
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC

Approach in Ensuring
Well-Being of Workers

Looking at
developmental
strategies

Information
Education
Training
Campaigns
Good practices
Successful cases
Competitions
Demonstrations
Interventions

Looking at regulatory
requirements

Relevant laws,
standards, issuances
and guidelines

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Enforcement
Implementation
Inspection
Evaluation

Participatory Approach

Participation and involvement from stakeholders

Coordinated intervention
Learning from
specifications/guidelines,
scientific data
best practice

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

Benefits to the workers

Enhanced worker motivation and job satisfaction
Added problem-solving capacity
Greater acceptance of change
Greater knowledge of work and organization
Reduces the extent and severity of work related
injuries and illnesses
Improves employee morale and productivity
Reduces workers compensation costs

BOSH Training 2009

OSHC

I still need more healthy rest in

order to work at my best. My health
is the main capital I have and I want
to administer it intelligently.
---Ernest Hemmingway
Nobel Prize winner for literature
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
BOSH Training 2009
OSHC