ANALOG AND

DIGITAL SIGNALS
SUBJECT : ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION

ANALOG & DIGITAL SIGNALS

Review the definitions of analog and digital signals.
Detail the working of an analog and digital signals.
Examples of Analog.
Analog Transmission
Pros and Cons of Analog.
Examples of Digital.
Digital Transmission.

ANALOG & DIGITAL SIGNALS

Pros and Cons of Digital.
Applications.

DEFINITION:

DIGITAL SIGNALS

ANALOG SIGNALS

A signal whose amplitude can take any value in

continuous (infnite) range is an analog signal.
More exact values, but more difcult to work with

A signal whose value can take only a fnite

number values is a digital signal.

Not as exact as analog, but easier to work with

Example:
A digital thermostat in a room displays a temperature of 72.
An analog thermometer measures the room temperature at
72.482. The analog value is continuous and more accurate,
but the digital value is more than adequate for the
application and significantly easier to process electronically.

4 DIFFERENT THINGS : ANALOG,

DIGITAL, CONTINUOUS AND
DISCRETE

As discussed on previous slide being digital or analog is a

matter of amplitude domain where being continuous and
discrete is a matter of time domain.

DIFFERENCE IN WORKING:
The working of the digital signals are more reliable and accurate
because they use the digital media or the numeric method
where as analog signals are based on the small fuctuations .

Digital signals are used to play that information which is came

from re-sampling, whereas analog are known for playing
recorded data.

Digital signals have priority over analog signals because with

the help of digital signals users have ability to change the visual
and the audio or re-record it but with analog signals you can do
such parameters.

EXAMPLE OF ANALOG SIGNALS:

Important property of the analog signals is they are continuous on both time
and amplitude domain.

They can be periodic (repeating) or non-periodic.

Sine waves are common analog signals.
Note that this square wave is not a digital signal because its minimum value
is negative.

Analog signals are easy to understand as they are real signals i.e. the most
of the signals naturally exists are Analog. E.g. temperature of atmosphere ,
intensity of light, intensity of voice etc .

0 volts

Sine Wave

Random-Periodic
Sawtooth Wave
(not digital)

ANALOG TRANSMISSION:
Transmit analog signals without regard to
content.

Attenuation limits length of transmission link

Cascaded amplifers boost signals energy for
longer distances but cause distortion

Analog data can tolerate distortion.

Introduces errors in digital data.

PROS AND CONS OF ANALOG

SIGNALS:

Advantages :
major advantages of the analog signal is infnite amount of data.
Density is much higher.
easy processing.
Disadvantages :
Unwanted noise in recording.
If we transmit data at long distance then unwanted disturbance is
there.

Generation loss is also a big con of analog signals.

EXAMPLE OF DIGITAL SIGNALS:

Digital Signals are quantized on amplitude domain hence they can have
only some specifc values.

Digital signal are commonly referred to as square waves or clock signals.

The time the signal is high (tH) can vary anywhere from 1% of the period to
99% of the period.

Text and Integers.

DIGITAL TRANSMISSION:
Concerned with the content of the signal.
Attenuation endangers integrity of data.
Digital signal
Repeaters achieve greater distance.
Repeaters recover the signal and retransmit.

PROS AND CONS OF DIGITAL

SIGNALS:

Advantages :
Because of their digital nature they can travel faster in
over digital lines.

Ability to transfer more data as compared to analog.

Disadvantages :
Greater bandwidth is essential.
Systems and processing is more complex.

APPLICATIONS:
Analog

Thermometer.
photocopiers
old land-line
telephones
audio tapes

VCRs (same as TV)

Digital:
PCs, PDAs
Mobile Phones
Signal Processing
Encoding
New generation
communication

PRESENTATION BY
Arjun Dedaniya (130170111016)
Asif Faruki (130170111020)

NO MAN REALLY BECOMES A FOOL

UNTIL HE STOPS ASKING QUESTIONS.
- CHARLES P. STEINMETZ

Thank You!