Pneumatics

Pneumatic power unit and

application

Portable power unit

Impact wrench

Air
tank

Power
components
(Actuators)

Air generation
distribution
(piping)

COMPONEN
TS
Compressor

Motor

Valve
s

Others: Receivers, filters, etc

Intermediate reservoir

within a pneumatic system

upply taken from top of ringReservoir
main

Air reservoir

Service unit

1-2 % gradient
Consuming
devices

Compressor
Condensate
collector tank

Compressed air supply: Delivery

1. Air generation and

distribution
Compressor

fills the reservoir as

storage tank
Pipeline is installed with a gradient of
1 to 2 %
Condensate removal are installed
under the main pipeline

2. Valves
Function:

Control the pressure or flow

rate of pressure media
Categories:
Directional control valves
Non-return valves
Flow control valves
Pressure control valves
Shut-off valves

Directional control valves

1

3/2 Way Valve - 1 Input (supply), 1

Output (Working Line) and 1 Exhaust

Applications:
1)As input signal
(pushbutton,
limit switch,
emergency
button)

2)To control
Single Acting
Cylinder

Directional control valves

2
5/2

Way Valve with 1 Input

(supply), 2 Output (Working Line)
and 2 Exhaust
4

3
1

Application:
- Control
movement of
Double
Acting
Cylinder

Valves numbering system

ISO
5599-3
1

Lettering
System
P

2, 4

A, B

3, 5

R, S

Port
Pressure
port
Working
lines
Exhaust
ports

Non-Return Valves (OR-Shuttle

Valve)
2 input and 1
output
Allow a signal to
flow in one direction

2
1

Output is acquired
if one (or both) of
input supply pressure
For circuit with
more than 1 input

Non-Return Valves - AND

(Two Pressure Valve)
2 input and 1 output

2
1

Output only acquired if

both input supplied with
pressure
For circuit with more than
1 input signal

Flow Control Valve One Way

Flow Control
1

100%

input and 1
output.
To reduce
speed of
piston
movement
(adjustable)

Non-Return Valves - Quick

Exhaust Valve

1 input, 1 output
and 1 exhaust
To increase speed
of piston movement
(but not adjustable)

2
1
3

3. Power components
Consists

of control elements &

actuators
Linear actuator
Single acting cylinder
Double acting cylinder
Rotary actuator
Air motors

Development of Pneumatics
System

Based on :
Understanding the problem by
considering type and quantity of
components
Number of process*
* Each process is represented by one
cylinder (actuator)

Development of Pneumatics
System

Understand the problem step by

step:
Identify type of cylinder
Identify the right control valve for
selected cylinder
Identify methods to start the
operation
Identify methods to stop the
operation
Identify other parameters (if

Direct control
SINGLE
ACTUATOR
CIRCUITS

Indirect control

The circuit design

Direct control
Actuated directly via mechanical valve,
without intermediate switching
Limits: 1) Piston diameter < 40 mm
2) Valve with connection size < 1/4
If not mentioned, use indirect control

Example:
A single cylinder of 25 mm in diameter is to
clamp a component when a push button is
pressed. As push button is activated, the
cylinder is to remain in the clamp position. If
the push button is released, the clamp is to
retract.

Solve problems

Solution:
Identify type of cylinder
Single acting with spring return
Identify right control valve for selected cylinder
3/2 way valve (for single acting)
Identify methods to start the operation
Push button (3/2 way with spring)
Identify methods to stop the operation
Push button (release the start button)
Identify others parameter (if needed)
NIL

The circuit design

Indirect control
Used when the force should prove too high
for
manual actuation of valve (for large piston
diameter)
Signal is generated via smaller valve

Example:
A single cylinder with a large piston
diameter, is to clamp a workpiece
following actuation of a push button. The
cylinder is retract once the push button is
released.

Single Acting Cylinder (3/2

way)

Solve problems

Solution:
Identify type of cylinder
Single acting with spring return
Identify right control valve for selected
cylinder
3/2 way valve (for single acting)
Identify methods to start the operation
Push button (3/2 way with spring) activate
control valve
Identify methods to stop the operation
Push button (release the start button)
Identify others parameter (if needed)
NIL

Single Acting Cylinder (3/2

way)

Double Acting Cylinder (5/2

way)

Logic OR function

Example
A double acting cylinder is to advance if
one of two push buttons is operated. If
the push button is released, the cylinder
is to retract.

Logic OR function circuit

Roller lever valve actuated

Logic OR function circuit

Push button valve actuated

Both valves actuated

Logic AND function

Example
The piston rod of DAC is to advance
when the 3/2-way roller lever valve AND
the push button of 3/2-way valve are
actuated. If either of these are released,
then the cylinder will return to its initial
position.

Logic AND function circuit

Roller lever valve actuated

Push button valve actuated

Logic AND function circuit

Where is
the logic
in these
Logic
circuits?

Both valves actuated

Go to:
http://www.l
ogiclab.hu/i
ndex.php

Combination of AND & OR

Logic

Example
Clamping of a drilling machine starts when one
of two push buttons is pressed and it is
released when the third push button is pressed.
Parameters
There is no clamping if the workpiece is not in
the position.
Clamping device cannot be opened during the
drilling in operation.
Clamping process must be performed slowly.
Clamp opening must be performed rapidly.

DS
DRILL M/C

WS

F=0

CLAMP M/C

F=0

2
2

35%

1
3

2
1

3
1

WS

2
1

Workpiece Sensor

1
2

DS

2
1

1
Start A

1
Start B

3
St op

Drill Sensor

o to: http://www.logiclab.hu/index.ph

Development of
Double Actuator
Circuit

Control of Multiple
Actuator
Define

motions of all actuators

Divide sequence into groups
Determine limit switch status
Identify number of connecting line
( = number of groups)
Identify number of reversing valve
( = number of groups 1)

Control of Multiple
Actuator

Example
A pneumatic actuated
drilling machine, contained
of two DAC. When the
workpiece is located at it
position, cylinder A will
clamp the workpiece.
Then, the drilling process
is started, where the
spindle is controlled by
cylinder B. After finish
drilling, cylinder B will
retract to the initial
position, before the
clamping cylinder retract.

Control of Multiple
Actuator
1. Define motion
A+ B+ B- A2. Groups
A+ B+ B- AK
1

K2

Control of Multiple
Actuator
3. Limit switch status
A
1
A+
Start

B0
B+
B1

BA0

Abov
e
ABelow

Control of Multiple
Actuator
4. Number of connecting line
= number of groups
=2
5. Number of reversing valve
= number of groups 1
=1

Introduction to pneumatic
sensor

Mechanical sensor, initial position

Activated position

Drawing basic circuit

2
connecti
ng lines
1
reversi
ng
valve

Control of Multiple Actuator

A+
Start +
A0

Control of Multiple Actuator

B+ A1

Control of Multiple Actuator

B- B1

Control of Multiple Actuator

A- B0

Connection of single
reversing valve

0V

14

12
5

3
1

Connection of double
reversing valve

0 V6

14

12
5

0 V5

3
4

14

12
5

3
1

Connection of triple
reversing valve

END OF LECTURE