Patterns In real life

Session 05-06

Objectives

To determine some patterns in nature, in geometry and in other patterns in

real life.

To appreciate the patterns in real life.

To document mathematical patterns seen and available in the locality.

 Group

ACTIVITY

yourself into eight

groups.

In

each group, there will

be a leader, notetaker,
presenter and material
manager.

Perform

the task and

have a happy learning!

Palindrome Quiz
ROUND 1

Palindrome
Number or words that reads the same
forwards and backwards.

Example: Tapat, Bob, 55, 101.

Question 1
When

both a
clocks hands
are on 12, and
the sun is
overhead,
what time is it?

NOON
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Question 2

This

young
dog is a
palindrome.

PUP
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Question 3

This

part of the
body is a
palindrome.

EYE
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Question 4

This

member
of the family is
a palindrome.

DAD
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Question 5
This

member
of the family is
also a
palindrome.

MOM
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Question 6
This

type of
boat is a
palindrome.

KAYAK
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Question 7
What

is the greatest palindromic

number less than 50?

44

Question 8
What

is the smallest palindromic

number greater than 20?

22

Question 9
What

is the next palindromic number

after the one you have just found?

33

Question 10
What

is the palindromic time you might

have a cup of tea just before 10.00am.

9:59

Question 11
What

was the last palindromic year in

the 20th Century?

1991

Question 12
What

was the first palindromic year in

the 21st Century?

2002

Whats next?
ROUND 2

Question 01

Draw the next figure.

Question 02

Draw the next figure.

Question 03

Draw the next figure.

Question 04

Draw the next figure.

Question 05

Determine the next number.

1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, ___

176

Search for Mr and Miss Golden PNU

Round 3

Activity Sheets
1. Sheet with directions on what lengths
to measure and ratios to calculate
2. Table to record fractional and decimal
representations of each ratio.

Materials
Needed
1. Calculators (1 per group)
2. Yard Stick (1 per group)
3. Measuring Tape (1 per group)
4. Activity Sheets and pencils

Method
Step 1: Measure the height (B) and the navel height
(N) of each member of your group. Calculate the
ratio B/N. Record them in your table.

X
Y

Step 2: Measure the length (F) of an index finger and

the distance (K) from the finger tip to the big knuckle
of each member of your group. Calculate the ratio
F/K. Record them in your table.
Step 3: Measure the length (L) of a leg and the
distance (H) from the hip to the kneecap of everyone
in your group. Calculate and record the ratio L/H.
Step 4: Measure the length (A) of an arm and the
distance (E) from the finger tips to the elbow of
everyone in your group. Calculate and record the
ratio A/E.
Step 5: Measure the length (X)of a profile, the top of
the head to the level of the bottom of the chin and the
length (Y) from the bottom of the ear to the level of
the bottom of the chin. Calculate and record the ratio
X/Y.
Step 6: Select another pair of lengths (Q and P) on
the body that you suspect may be in the golden ratio.
Measure those lengths. Calculate the ratio (large to
small) and record it.

Name
Express each
ratio in its
both its
fraction and
decimal
form.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B/N

F/K

L/H

A/E

X/Y

And the winner is

Third

Runner-up
Second Runner-up
First Runner-up
Mr and Miss Golden PNU 2015

ANALYSIS

Share

your insights to
the following questions

 Which

patterns affect or you appreciate most? Why?

What

particular steps did you follow to identify the

patterns given in the activities?

What

other patterns do you know that are present in your

locality?

How

vital these patterns in your career as future

teachers?

What

realizations do you have about the mathematics and

the patterns in real life?

ABSTRACTION

Does maths really appear in nature?

In a word, yes.
However, unless you know what to look out for, it isnt very
easy to spot.
For example, would you have thought that the breeding of
rabbits could be modelled on a simple number sequence?
But that this same sequence can be used to construct the
spiral shape that we see on a sea shell?
In this presentation I aim to show some examples of the
many different cases where you can find maths in the real
world.

A pretty face?
It is quite obvious that the human face is
symmetrical about a vertical axis down
the nose.
However, studies have shown that the
symmetry of another persons face is a
large factor in determining whether or
not we find them attractive.
The better the quality of the symmetry, the
more mathematically perfect it is and the
more aesthetically pleasing we consider it
to be.
In short, the better the symmetry of
someone's face, the more attractive you
should find them!

BEAUTY
is in the

PHI
of the
BEHOLDER

Beauty
A quality that gives aesthetic
pleasure
Visual pleasantness of a
person, animal, object or
scene.
Pleasantness of sound.

Subjectivity of Beauty
Perception of each person
Race, culture, era

No unification or generalization
Beauty is in the eye of the Beholder

PHI
The Divine Proportion The
Golden Ratio

Mathematics and the Golden Ratio

Ratio = 1.618 = Phi =

Fibonacci Numbers
Each number is phi times the last
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89
Found in nature

White Calla Lily

Columbine
Shasta Daisy

Euphorbia
Bloodroot
Field Daisy

Trillium
Black-eyed Susan
Passion Flower

Golden Rectangle
Leonardo Da Vinci
Mona Lisa

The Parthenon
Vitruvius
Leonardo Da
Vinci

Golden Pentagon
The Sacrament of the Last Supper
Salvador
Dali
Raphael
Crucifixion

Golden Spiral
Capitulum:
Sunflower
Pine Cones
Nautilus Shell

The Milky Way Galaxy

DNA

DNA

PHI MASK
Dr Stephen Marquardt

Raphael: The Small Cowper, Madonna 1505 A.D

Egyptian:
Roman:
Queen
Lucilla
Nefertiti
Verus 164
1400
BC
A.D.

Marylin Monroe: 1957

Greta Garbo: 1931

Beehive basics
A beehive is made up of many
hexagons packed together.
Why hexagons? Not squares or
triangles?
Hexagons fit most closely together
without any gaps, so they are an
ideal shape to maximise the
available space.

Rabbit multiplication
The breeding of rabbits is a very effective way
of demonstrating the Fibonacci sequence.
The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence of
numbers formed by adding together the 2
previous numbers.
The Fibonacci sequence starts as0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34.
So how is this relevant to rabbits breeding?
Lets suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one
male and one female, are put in a field.
Rabbits are able to mate at the age of one
month, so that at the end of its second
month of life a female can produce
another pair of rabbits. Suppose that our
rabbits never die and that the female
always produces one new pair (one male
and one female) every month.
What would happen?

So what happens?
1.

We start off with 1 pair of rabbits in the field.

2.

At the end of the first month the original pair

mate but there is still one only 1 pair.

3.

At the end of the second month the female

produces a new pair, so now there are 2 pairs
of rabbits in the field.

4.

At the end of the third month, the original

female produces a second pair, making 3 pairs
in all in the field.

5.

At the end of the fourth month, the original

female has produced yet another new pair and
the female born two months ago produces her
first pair, making 5 pairs.

Noticed the sequence yet?

Over the course of 5 months the number of pairs in
the field has gone 1, 1, 2, 3, 5. The Fibonacci
sequence!

More Fibonacci
The Fibonacci sequence can also be used in another, more visual,
way.
This is the process of creating Fibonacci rectangles.
1.

Start with two small squares of size 1 next to each other. On

top of both of these draw a square of size 2

2.

We can now draw a new square - touching both a unit square

and the latest square of side 2 - so having sides 3 units long

3.

Then another touching both the 2-square and the 3-square

(which has sides of 5 units).

4.

We can continue adding squares around the picture, each new

square having a side which is as long as the sum of the last
two square's sides.

This set of rectangles whose sides are two successive Fibonacci

numbers in length and which are composed of squares with
sides which are Fibonacci numbers, we call the Fibonacci
Rectangles.
This is only the first 7 numbers in the Fibonacci sequence.
What would happen if we carried on a lot longer?

So what happens?
As we go on, the squares
begin to form a certain
pattern. If we draw a line
through the corner of each
square we start to get a
spiral shape.
The same spiral shape that
we can see on this sea shell!

Fibonacci flowers?
The Fibonacci sequence previously
mentioned appears in other cases.
The ratio of consecutive numbers in
the Fibonacci sequence approaches a
number known as the golden ratio,
or phi (1.618033989). Phi is often
found in nature. A Golden Spiral
formed in a manner similar to the
Fibonacci spiral can be found by
tracing the seeds of a sunflower
from the centre outwards.

More Fibonacci flowers?

On many plants, the number of petals is a
Fibonacci number:
3 petals: lily, iris
5 petals: buttercup, wild rose, larkspur 8
petals: delphiniums
13 petals: ragwort, corn marigold, cineraria,
some daisies
21 petals: aster, black-eyed susan, chicory
34 petals: plantain, pyrethrum
55, 89 petals: michaelmas daisies, the
asteraceae family.
Ever wondered why its so difficult to find a 4
leaf clover? Or even a plant of any kind with 4
petals? Few plants have 4 petals, and 4 is not
a Fibonacci number.
Coincidence?

Natural fractals?
Fractals dont appear in nature as such, but
they are another clear example of the way
maths and nature can be linked together.
A fractal is a geometric pattern that is
repeated at every scale and so cannot be
represented by classical geometry.
A famous example is the Koch curve (shown on
the right).
Stage 1 is to draw a straight line.
All stages afterwards are constructed by
rubbing out the middle of a line and drawing
2 more diagonal lines in its place
(resembling a triangle).
So what would happen if we carried this fractal
on for many more stages?

So what would happen?

We would end up with the famous
Koch snowflake.
By just repeating a simple pattern,
you can create a snowflake, yet
another example of how maths and
nature can share a connection.
Are there any more fractals that
create natural images?
Yes! Over the next few slides are some
of the most impressive natural
fractals that have been discovered.

Fractal trees

Fractal ferns

Fractal spiral

Figurate Numbers

Formulas for Triangular, Square, and

Pentagonal Numbers
For any natural number n,
n(n 1)
the nth triangular number is given by Tn
,
2
2

the nth square number is given by S n n , and

n(3n 1)
the nth pentagonal number is given by Pn
.
2

Example: Figurate Numbers

Use a formula to find the sixth pentagonal number

Solution
Use the formula
with n = 6:

n(3n 1)
Pn
2

6[6(3) 1]
P6
51.
2

What is a Tessellation?

A tessellation is any repeating pattern of

interlocking shapes.

The word tessellation comes from the Latin

Tessella, which was a small Square stone or
tile used in ancient Roman mosaics. Tiles and
Mosaics are common synonyms for
tessellations.

Some shapes, or polygons, will tessellate and

others will not. As for the regular polygons,
tessellations can easily be created using
squares, equilateral triangles and hexagons.

A Roman floor mosaic

Tessellations can be simple

Tessellations can also be very complex

M. C. Escher: Tessellation Master

Escher produced '8 Heads' in 1922 - a
hint of things to come.
His inspiration
Escher took a boat trip to Spain and
went to the Alhambra, an
extravagant palace full of pattern.
There, he copied many of the tiling
patterns.

'8 Heads' - 1922

Alhambra Castle
One of the most well known
example of Muslim architecture.

Alhambra consists of palaces

built by several rulers, each had
his own castle.

The Alhambra Palace is a famous example of Moorish architecture.

Islamic art does not

usually use
representations of
people, but uses
geometric patterns.

The idea behind several of the buildings of Alhambra

was to create a Paradise on earth.

Escher copied
many of the
designs he saw a
Alhambra, adding
his own flair

M. C. Escher 4 Motifs 1950

Design for Wood Intarsia Panel for Leiden

Town Hall, 1940

Tessellation
transitions
by M. C.
Escher

Realism & Tessellations Combined

Sometimes,

Escher
would combine
realism and
tessellations.

Reptiles

is an example
of this combination.

'Reptiles' - 1943

Metamorphosis I, 1937
by M. C. Escher

Realism & Tessellation Combined

Cycle, 1938
by M. C. Escher

Realism & Tessellation

Combined

Day and Night, 1938

by M. C. Escher

Realism & Tessellation Combined

Eschers Last Tessellation

His

last tessellation was a

solution to a puzzle sent to
him by Roger Penrose, the
mathematician. Escher solved
it and, true to form, changed
the angular wood blocks into
rounded 'ghosts'.

Penrose 'Ghosts' - 1971

How do you create a successful tessellation?

Begin with a simple geometric shape - the
square

Change the shape of one side

Copy this line on the opposite side

Rotate the line and repeat it on the

remaining edges

Erase the original shape

Add lines to the inside of the shapes to

turn them into pictures.

Add color to enhance your picture.

By repeating your shape you create a tessellated picture

How do you create a more complex tessellation?

Draw a line that separates the two hidden
shapes you have found.

Add a few lines that bring out your

hidden shapes.

Make four versions of each shape, each version with more

detail

The most detailed

shape can be
changed quite a bit

Make four versions of each shape with

more detail

The most detailed

shape can be
changed quite a bit

Color all of one type of

shape the same basic color
scheme

Line up the simplest shape with the

most complex along the bottom

Add the next row in the same way

Completed Tessellation

Tanong ko lang:

Bakit rectangle ang karamihan hugis ng kulungan ng

baboy?

Bakit bilog ang takip ng manhole?

Bakit bilog ang hugis ng gulong?

See problem solving book in the

boarding

 Prepare

APPLICATION
FLEXIBLE LEARNING ACTIVITY

an AV
presentation/documentation of
the mathematical concepts in the
environment and its relevance to
everyday living. Use either
powerpoint presentation or
moviemaker. Plan for your
concept in presenting the output.
Use music, graphics, texts, and
other audio visual devices or
materials. Submit the
requirement after two weeks.