Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
9-3
More-Developed
More-Developed Countries
Countries (MDC)
(MDC)
Less-Developed
Less-Developed Countries
Countries (LDC)
(LDC)
Least-Developed
Least-Developed Countries
Countries (LLDC)
(LLDC)
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
9-4
Political Stability
Entrepreneurship
Central Planning
Outward Orientation
Factors of Production
Financial Incentives
Low Tariffs
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
9-5
Highways*
(paved km)
(000)
Railways
Trucks
(km)
and Buses
(000)
in Use (000)
Electricity
Production
(kwh per head)
United States
6,243.2
214.3
49,259
13,696
Brazil
1,670.1
22.1
2,540
1,925
Japan
1,115.6
26.5
21,392
8,182
Colombia
12.6
3.3
4,154
1,147
Germany
618.2
43.9
3,174
6,680
8.3
2.7
110
105
Mexico
242.3
26.5
3,773
1,898
Spain
318.0
15.3
3,360
4,728
1,100.0
62.4
2,567
485
55.4
21.4
1,853
5,020
170.0
58.3
3,591
946
Kenya
India
South Africa
China
*Includes unpaved and paved.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
SOURCES: For additional information, see International Marketing Data and Statistics, 19997
(London: Euromonitor Pulications, 1997); and Indicators of Market Size for 115 countries,
Country Monitor, December 25, 2000.
Common Traits of
Big Emerging Markets
9-6
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Asia
9-7
ASEAN^
434.8
CEA (Chinese Economic Area) 1,205.0
India
10,028.0
South Korea
43.7
Latin America
Mexico
Argentina
Brazil
Africa
South Africa
Europe
Poland
Turkey
Possible Additions
Colombia
Venezuela
GDP
($ billions)
GDP
(per capita)
Trade*
($ billions)
$666.0
1,374.6
437.2
476.0
$ 15,317
1,141
458
10,063
$ 1,294.8
1,109.0
63.3
280.5
97.4
35.7
158.6
486.1
283.1
551.8
4,992
7,740
3,305
328.4
53.6
108.6
41.4
147.8
3,570
59.4
38.7
58.6
135.3
189.2
3,500
3,027
26.4
63.4
41.6
23.7
91.5
102.1
2,201
4,307
24.9
40.9
The Americas
GREENLAND
(DENMARK)
Alaska
(United States)
CANADA
9-8
Montreal
Toronto
San Francisco
Los Angeles
Hawaii
(United States)
UNITED
STATES
M
EX
IC
O
Chicago
Dallas
GUATEMALA
HONDURAS
ST. SALVADOR
NICARAGUA
COSTA RICA
PANAMA
ECUADOR
Detroit
Miami
CUBA
HAITI
JAMAICA
GUYANA
SURINAME
FRENCH GUIANA
VENEZUELA
COLOMBIA
BRAZIL
PERU
BOLIVIA
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
CHILE
PACIFIC OCEAN
AR
GE
NT
INA
PARAGUAY
Belo Horizonte
Rio de Janeiro
Sao Paulo
URUGUAY
Buenos Aires
9-9
Country
Consumer Spending
Hospital Number
Food
Percent
Clothing Percent Beds per
of
($ million)
of
($ million)**
of
(000s)
Doctors
Total*
Total* Population
United States
$ 741,340
18.1%
$221,800
5.4%
5.1
560,300
99.5%
$45,579
Argentina
16,952
38.8%
2,332
5.3%
5.3
96,000
93.9%
2,336
Brazil
81,934
31.2%
12,799
4.9%
3.5
169,488
77.8%
1,559
9,264
35.2%
1,597
6.1%
1.5
29,353
85.2%
410
Mexico
57,900
33.7%
12,066
7.0%
0.7
130,000
87.6 %
4,355
Venezuela
15,501
43.2%
3,679
10.2%
2.6
*28,400
84.7%
36.5
Colombia
Literacy Tourism
(Percent) Receipts
($ million)**
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
of
Gulf
ESTONIA
LATVIA
Baltic
Sea
9-10
LITHUANIA
POLAND
CZECH
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
A
TI
OA
CR
Black
Sea
Ad
r ia
t ic
Tyrmenian
Sea
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
BOSNIA AND
HERCEGOVINA
YUGOSLAVIA
Se
a
BULGARIA
MACEDONIA
ALBANIA
GREECE
Aegean
Sea
TURKEY
9-11
Albania
Bosnia/
Herzegovina (*)
Bulgaria
Croatia (*)
Czech Republic(**)
Hungary
Macedonia(*)
Poland
Romania
Slovakia(**)
3.28
$ 2.7
$ 820
$ 80
$ 147
2.66
9.00
4.78
10.30
10.30
2.05
38.40
22.80
5.27
0.8
10.1
26.3
52.0
45.7
4.8
135.3
34.8
20.7
300
1,220
5,600
5,050
4,505
2,400
3,500
1,544
1,763
NA
4,303
4,633
14,575
19,100
1,244
25,751
8,385
12,063
NA
3,271
7,582
16,284
15,224
1,420
42,307
10,131
13,003
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Asia
N. K0REA
G
ON
A
OLI
JAPAN
S. K0REA
9-12
CHINA
NEPAL
PAKISTAN
TAIWAN
BHUTAN
Hong Kong
MYANMAR
INDIA
LAOS
BANGLADESH
VIETNAM
CAMBODIA
THAILAND
PHILIPPINES
BRUNEI
MALAYSIA
SRI LANKA
SINGAPORE
INDONESIA
INDIAN OCEAN
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
9-13
18.5
$ 411.0
$ 22,000
$ 52,966
$ 61,347
1,230.1
917.7
746
148,755
132,007
6.5
173.6
26,701
173,546
192,764
India
955.2
437.2
458
30,537
34,456
Indonesia
199.9
215.0
1,076
43,285
39,456
Japan
126.2
4,199.5
33,277
443,000
335,871
South Korea
46.0
476.0
10,361
125,365
135,153
Taiwan
21.5
283.3
13,000
111,837
103,652
China
Hong Kong
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Sell state assets. Sell off all but 1,000 of Chinas 305,000
state enterprises and allow some to go bankrupt.
9-14
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
9-16
Brazil
Chile
China
Colombia
Ecuador
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Japan
Peru
Philippines
Singapore
South Africa
United States
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Households
(000)
Persons per
Household
38,434
3,216
357,064
8,482
2,626
1,797
185,048
43,065
40,548
5,057
12,750
815
13,300
100,308
4.05
4.35
3.40
4.14
4.36
3.44
5.00
4.50
3.09
4.65
5.37
3.67
3.37
2.62
Percent of Households
Piped
Flush
Electric
Water
Toilers
Lighting
73%
70%
90%
76%
52%
98%
10%
12%
93%
49%
NA
48%
96%
99%
76%
59%
NA
64%
33%
80%
5%
15%
65%
43%
NA
42%
35%
99%
69%
88%
NA
87%
62%
93%
16%
30%
98%
48%
NA
37%
90%
99%
9-17
Percent
in
United
States
Percent
in
Australia
Percent
in
Brazil
Percent
in
Germany
Percent
in
Japan
Percent
in
United
Kingdom
Soft drinks
96
90
93
83
91
94
Fast-food
94
94
91
70
86
85
Athletic footwear
59
40
54
33
30
49
Blue jeans
56
39
62
45
42
44
Beer*
46
50
60
46
57
57
Cigarettes*
24
33
30
38
39
40
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Food
9-18
Germany Singapore
Mexico
Poland
Iran
10%
12%
19%
35%
29%
37%
38%
30%
52%
6%
7%
8%
10%
9%
9%
7%
16%
11%
Gross rent
18%
18%
11%
8%
6%
23%
12%
7%
10%
Medical care
14%
13%
7%
5%
6%
6%
3%
5%
3%
8%
6%
12%
5%
7%
5%
10%
5%
4%
Transport/
communications 14%
13%
13%
12%
8%
6%
8%
13%
7%
Appliances/
other durables
31%
30%
25%
35%
14%
22%
24%
13%
Clothing
Education
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
30%
SOURCE: For additional data, see Ricardo Sookdeo, "The New global consumer
Fortune, Autumn-Winter 1993, pp. 68-72.
9-19
Country
Household
(000)
Brazil
Chile
China
Colombia
Ecuador
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Japan
Peru
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
United States
38,434
3,216
357,064
8,482
2,626
1,797
185,048
43,065
40,548
5,057
12,750
815
13,300
100,308
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Persons per
Household
4.05
4.35
3.40
4.14
4.36
3.44
5.00
4.50
3.09
4.65
5.37
3.67
3.37
2.62
Percent of Households
Piped
Flush
Electric
Water
Toilets
Lighting
73%
70%
90%
76%
52%
98%
10%
12%
93%
49%
NA
48%
96%
99%
76%
59%
N/A
64%
33%
80%
5%
15%
65%
43%
N/A
42%
35%
99%
69%
88%
N/A
87%
62%
93%
16%
30%
98%
48%
N/A
37%
90%
99%