USE YOUR BRAIN -

Multiple Intelligences

Presented
 
by:
                                                                          

Afizal
Fikri
Syukri
INTELLIGENCE
• How would you define
intelligence?

• How does someone

demonstrate
intelligence?

• Who is Dr. Howard

Garner?

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 2
 Introduction

• The developer Theory of Multiple Intelligences

was created by Dr. Howard Gardner, Professor, Harvard
Graduate School of Education
in 1983.
• Gardner’s theory places an emphasis on the idea that the
traditional understanding of intelligence by means of IQ
testing is far too limited.
• To broaden this notion of intelligence, Gardner introduced
eight different types of intelligences consisting of (and to be
elaborated on later): Logical/Mathematical, Linguistic,
Musical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Naturalist,
Interpersonal, Intrapersonal. 11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 3
8 Intelligences – by Dr. Howard Gardner
1. Linguistic
2. Logical/ Mathematical
3. Spatial
4. Bodily/ Kinesthetic
5. Musical
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalistic
Linguistic (Word Smart):

• Sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms,

and meanings of words; sensitivity
to the different functions of
language
– End States: Poet, Journalist

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 5
 Can you define intelligence?

Toni Morrison

Linguistic Intelligence
• Skilled with words
• “The Word Player”
Logical-Mathematical
(Number/Reasoning Smart):

• Sensitivity to, and capacity to

discern, logical or numerical
patterns; ability to handle long
chains of reasoning
– End States: Scientist, Mathematician

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 7
Can you define intelligence?

Albert Einstein

Logical/ Mathematical
Intelligence
• Skilled with numbers &
reasoning
• “The Questioner”
Spatial (Picture Smart) :

• Capacities to perceive the visual-spatial

world accurately and to perform
transformations on one’s initial
perceptions
– End States: Navigator, Sculptor

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 9
 Can you define intelligence?

Milton Caniff

Spatial Intelligence
• Skilled with pictures &
images
• “The Visualizer”
Bodily-Kinesthetic (Body Smart):

• Abilities to control one’s body

movements and to handle objects
skillfully
– End States: Dancer, Athlete

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 11
Can you define intelligence?

 
Cy Young

Bodily/ Kinesthetic
Intelligence
                                
• Physical skill
• “The Mover”
Musical (Music Smart):

• Abilities to produce and appreciate

rhythm, pitch, and timbre; appreciation
of the forms of musical expressiveness
– End States: Composer, Violinist

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 13
Can you define intelligence?

Doris Day

Musical Intelligence
• Skilled with melody &
rhythm
• “The Music Lover”
Interpersonal (People Smart):

• Capacities to discern and respond

appropriately to the moods,
temperaments, motivations, and desires
of other people
– End States: Therapist, Salesman

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 15
Can you define intelligence?

James A. Garfield

Interpersonal Intelligence
• Skills of social
understanding
• “The Socializer”
Intrapersonal (Self-Smart):

• Access to one’s own feelings and the

ability to discriminate among them and
draw on them to guide behavior
– End States: Personal with detailed, accurate
self-knowledge

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 17
 Can you define intelligence?

Helen Keller
Intrapersonal Intelligence
• Skills of self-knowledge
• “The Individual”
Naturalist (Nature Smart):

• Abilities to recognize plants and animals,

to make distinctions in the natural world,
to understand systems and define
categories
– End States: Botanist, Farmer, Hunter

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 19
Can you define intelligence?

Sacagawea

Naturalistic Intelligence
• Skills of making
connection to elements
in nature
• “The Outdoorsman”
Linguistic
If you have strong linguistic intelligence
you might learn better by

• Reading
• Memorizing
• Playing word games (Scrabble, Anagrams, Password)
• Making up rhymes, puns
• Using the internet
Logical/Mathematical Learner
If you have strong logical-mathematical
intelligence you might learn better by

• Recording information systematically

• Setting up experiments (“What if…?”)
• Playing strategy games (Chess, Checkers)
• Analyzing data
• Asking logical questions
• Using the internet
 Spatial Learner
If you have strong spatial intelligence you
might learn better by
• Studying pictures
• Watching videos
• Using visual, tangible aids
• Doing mazes, puzzles
• Making predictions
• Using the internet
Bodily/Kinesthetic Learner
If you have strong bodily-kinesthetic
intelligence you might learn better by

• Doing role plays

• Constructing physical examples
• Exercising while reviewing
• Visiting museums, institutions, parks
• Asking logical questions
• Using the internet
Musical Learner
If you have strong musical intelligence you
might learn better by

• Listening to recordings
• Talking to yourself
• Making up songs
• Mentally repeating information
• Reading aloud
• Changing tempo
Interpersonal Learner
If you have strong interpersonal
intelligence you might learn better by

• Studying in groups
• Comparing information with others
• Interviewing experts
• Relating personal experiences
• Being a teamplayer
• Doing cooperative projects
Intrapersonal Learner
If you have strong intrapersonal
intelligence you might learn better by

• Avoiding distractions
• Establishing personal goals
• Playing solitary games
• Setting own pace
• Working alone
• Relating personal experiences
Naturalistic Learner
If you have strong naturalistic intelligence
you might learn better by

• Studying outside
• Learning in the presence of plants & pets
• Relating environmental issues to topics
• Smelling, seeing touching, tasting,
• Observing natural phenomenon
 Applications
• Dr. Gardner says that our schools and culture focus most of
their attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical
intelligence, where some unique ways of thinking aren’t
addressed.

• This often leads to kids being labeled as “learning disabled”

or “hyperactive” when they may not be.

• The theory of multiple intelligences proposes a major

transformation in the way our schools are run. It suggests
that teachers be trained to present their lessons in a wide
variety of ways using music, cooperative learning, art
activities, role play, multimedia, field trips, inner reflection,
and much more
 Implementing Gardner
• Lesson Design Using all or different intelligences and
asking students for opinions on them.

• Student Projects Students can learn to "initiate and

manage complex projects" when they are creating student
projects.
• Assessments Devised which allow students to show what
they have learned. Sometimes this takes the form of
allowing each student to devise the way he or she will be
assessed, while meeting the teacher's criteria for quality.
• Misuses: Trying to teach all concepts or subjects using all
intelligences, using an intelligence as a background for
other activities, direct evaluation or grading of intelligences
without regard to context.

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 30
 Implementing Gardner
Common Good Uses (from Gardner himself)
• The cultivation of desired capabilities. Schools
should “cultivate those skills and capabilities that are
valued in the community and in the broader society.”
• Approaching a concept, subject matter, discipline
in a variety of ways. Schools try to cover too much. “It
makes far more sense to spend a significant amount of time
on key concepts, generative ideas, and essential questions
and to allow students to become familiar with these notions
and their implications.
• The personalization of education. “At the heat of this
perspective- in theory and in practice- inheres in taking
human difference seriously.”

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 31
 Conclusion
• An awareness of Gardner’s multiple-intelligence
theory has provided teachers with the
knowledge necessary to satisfy the educational
needs of many more students.
• With an understanding of Gardner's theory of
multiple intelligences, teachers, school
administrators, and parents can better
understand the different possibilities of each
students’ learning preference. The application
of of multiple intelligences in the classroom
can stimulate a student’s learning in new ways.
11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 32
References

• http://www.ibiblio.org/edweb/edref.mi.th3.ht
ml
• http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_i
ntelligences.htm
• Mok Soon Sang.(2008).Educational Psychology
& Pedagogy- Learner and Learning
Environment.Perak.Cipta printing & Publishing
(M) Sdn Bhd.

11/04/21
Ebeling, Gallaudet University 33