ANATOMI FISIOLOGI

SISTEM LIMPATIK & IMUN

ANATOMI FISIOLOGI SISTEM
LIMFATIK & IMUN
Oleh
MAYUSEF SUKMANA

Protozoa

Large
parasites
Fungi

PENGERTIAN
Immunity

The ability of the body to fight infection and/or foreign

invaders by producing antibodies or killing infected cells.

Immune System

Semua mekanisme yang digunakan badan untuk

mempertahankan keutuhan tubuh, sebagai
perlindungan terhadap bahaya yang dapat ditimbulkan
berbagai bahan dalam lingkungan hidup

Sistem limpatik
- Sistem yg berperanan dalam menjaga kekebalan
tubuh.

Foreign Invaders
Called Pathogens
Viruses, bacteria or
other living thing that
causes
disease/immune
response.

Antigens
Toxins that pathogens
produce that cause
harm to an organism.

Pathogens

Fungi

Viruses

Protozoa
Bacteria

Large
parasites

ORGAN/JARINGAN/KELENJAR PD SISTEM IMUN

ORGAN/JARINGAN/KELENJAR PD
SISTEM IMUN
Adenoid dan Tonsil Terletak di
pintu masuk ke tekak berfungsi
menghalangi bakteri dan
kuman masuk melalui mulut.

Kelenjar Liur Terletak dalam pipi dan di bawah lidah. Air

liur mengeluarkan bahan yang melawan penyakit.
Kelenjar Air Mata (Lakrima) Terletak di atas sudut luar
mata yang mengeluarkan air mata yang berfungsi untuk
mencuci debu dan kotoran di mata. Air mata juga
mengandung lysozyme bahan yang melawan bakteri.
Membran Mukus Lapisan lembab yang melapisi
beberapa organ seperti hidung dan tekak,
mengeluarkan mukus, cairan yang melindungi kita dari
bakteri dan menangkap kuman serta debu.

Timus Timus sangat

penting keberadaannya
bagi bayi yang baru lahir,
tanpa timus sistem imun
bayi akan mati. Timus
menghasilkan timosin yaitu
hormon yang menguatkan
reaksi sistem imun
Timus sbg tempat
pematangan
Limposit- T.

ORGAN/JARINGAN/KELENJAR PD
SISTEM IMUN
Limpa;
Terletak disebelah kiri abdomen di daerah
hipogastrium kiri bawah iga ke-9, 10 dan 11.
Fungsi : memproduksi limposit, penghancuran
eritrosit, menghasilkan antibodi.

SISTEM LIMPATIK
Meliputi :
1.Nodus limpatikus
2.Organ/jar. limpatik
3.Pembuluh limfe

NODUS LIMPATIKUS;
- Terletak di hampir sel. Bag.
Tubuh
- Menghasilkan limfosit.
- Melakukan fagosit
bacteri/kuman yg masuk.

Pembuluh Limfe & Cairan

Limfe
Spt vena kecil tp byk katub.
Komposisi cairan limfe mirip
plasma darah mengandung
sejml limposit. Tdk ada
CO2 & sedikit O2.
Cairan limfe bergerak karena
adanya inspirasi/ekspirasi,
kontraksi otot, grk tubuh,
pulsasi arteri, penekanan
jar. Luar tubuh & kontraksi
instrinsik pembuluh limfe

1.

Pembuluh Limfe mempunyai

2 saluran :
Duktus Toraksikus/Duktus
Limpatikus Sinistra; tdp di
depan vertebra lubalis menuju
ke bag. atas-vena
brakiosefalika-vena kava
superior. Mrp kumpulan dr
pembuluh limfe yg berasal
dari kepala kiri, leher kiri,
dada sebelah kiri bg
abdomen, ekst bwh & alat
rongga perut.

2. Duktus Limpatikus Dekstra;

menerima cairan limfe dr pemblh limfe yg

berasal dr kepala kanan, leher kanan, dada
kanan, & lengan kanan yg bermuara pd vena
subklavia dekstra.

Innate (nonspecific) immunity

First line: External defenses

External defenses

Two major types of defenses

INNATE (NONSPECIFIC)
IMMUNITY
Rapid responses to a
broad range of microbes
External defenses

Invading
microbes
(pathogens)

Internal defenses

Skin

Phagocytic cells

Mucous membranes

Antimicrobial proteins

Secretions

Inflammatory response
Natural killer cells

ACQUIRED
(SPECIFIC)
IMMUNITY
Slower
responses to
specific
microbes

Humoral
response
(antibodies)
Cellmediated
response
(cytotoxic
lymphocytes
)

Innate immunity
Second line: Internal defenses

Phagocytic cell

Microbes

Phagocytes
Attach to and ingest invading
microorganisms
Initiates the inflammatory
response
Macrophages migrants or in lymph
organs

2
MACROPHAGE

Vacuole

Antimicrobial proteins
Complement system lysis of
invading cells, triggers inflammation
Interferons activate
macrophages, prevent cell-to-cell
spread

Lysosome
containing
enzymes

Innate immunity
Second line: Internal defenses (cont.)

Inflammatory response

Chemicals involved
Histamines
Prostaglandins
Chemokines
Pyrogens
http://www.sumanasinc.
com/webcontent/anisa
mples/dynamicillustratio
ns/inflammatory.html

Innate immunity
Second line: Internal defenses (cont.)

Natural killer (NK) cells

Attack virus-infected body
cells and cancer cells
Apoptosis (cell death) in
cells attacked

Specific (acquired) immunity

Lymphocytes

Third line of defense

Found in blood and lymph

Types
1.
2.

B cells mature in marrow

T cells mature in thymus
Helper
Cytotoxic

Display specificity to
antigens (antibody
generator)
Have membrane-bound
antigen-receptors

The Pathway of Specific Immune

Response
Step 1
Pathogens eaten by Macrophage

Step 2
Displays portion of Pathogen
on surface

Step 3
Pathogens

Helper-T cell recognizes

Pathogen

Activates B- Cell

Activates Cytotoxic
T- Cell

Memory T-Cell

Kills Infected Cells

Memory B-Cell
Antibodies

Immune Response Explained

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Antigen infects cells.

Macrophage ingests antigen and displays portion on its surface.
Helper T- Cell recognizes antigen on the surface of the
macrophage and becomes active.
Active Helper T-Cell activates Cytotoxic T-Cells and B-Cells.
Cytotoxic T-Cells divide into Active Cytotoxic T-cells and Memory
T Cells.
Active Cytotoxic T-Cells kill infected cells.
At the same time, B-Cells divide into Plasma Cells and Memory
B- Cells.
Plasma cells produce antibodies that deactivate pathogen.
Memory T and Memory B cells remain in the body to speed up the
response if the same antigen reappears.
Supressor T-Cells stop the immune response when all antigens
have been destroyed.

Immune Response Summary

Displays copy of antigen
on surface of cell

Antigen
Macrophage

Antibody Immunity

Helper T - Cell

Cellular Immunity
Active Cytotoxic T-Cell
Kills Infected Cells

Memory T- Cell

Active B - Cell
Plasma Cell
Antibodies
Deactivates Antigens

Memory B-Cell

Passive .vs. Active Immunity

1.

Active Immunity
This is immunity where the body is actively producing antibodies
to fight infection.
Ex: You have a throat infection and you are actively creating
antibodies to fight it.

Vaccination:

An injection of a weakened strain of an

infectious microbe (pathogen) that causes the body to
undergo active immunity (produce antibodies).

2.

Passive Immunity
This is immunity where antibodies are given to a
person from the blood of another person or animal.
This immunity only lasts for a short period of time.
ex: Breastfeeding mothers pass antibodies to their
children through the milk.

Passive immunity
Active immunity
Antibodies are passed
Own system
from mother to fetus
develops antibodies
via the placenta
Develops naturally
Antibodies are passed
in response to
from mother to infant
infection
via breast milk
(colostrum)
Develops following
immunization
Antibodies may be
injected into a
Long-lasting
nonimmune person
protection but may
Immediate, short-term
take a long time
protection