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Types of Memory
Two types of memory use:
______________: involves conscious effort
______________: does NOT involve effort
These two types of memory describe the
______________
Types of Memory
Two types of memory content:
_________________: memory for facts and events
______________= memory for personal events
______________= memory for facts and the basic
meanings of words and concepts
A.
B.
C.
D.
procedural; semantic
semantic; procedural
procedural; episodic
episodic; semantic
explicit
flashbulb
implicit
sensory
Storage
Retention of encoded material over time
Retrieval
Recovery of stored information at a later time
___________
___________
The Information-Processing
Model of Memory
_________________
Represents physical features of sensory stimuli for a
few seconds or less
Iconic memory = visual
Echoic memory = sounds
_________________
Includes working memory
Refers to what is going on in short-term memory
Involves active processing of information in short-term
memory
Limited capacity
Lasts only briefly without rehearsal
_________________
Nearly unlimited capacity
The Information-Processing
Model of Memory
Demonstration 1
List 1
List 2
List 3
_________________
Enhanced recall of information
at the end of a list
_____________________
Demonstration 2
List 1
List 2
List 3
Demonstration 3
Chunking
After:
EXAMPLE
hello
# Upper Case?
tooth
# Upper Case?
trees
Rhyme with Dinner?
desk
Write a sentence using the word.
basket
# Upper Case?
kettle
Write a sentence using the word.
seven
Rhyme with heaven?
nose
# Upper Case?
book
Rhyme with cook?
paper
Write a sentence using the word.
section
Write a sentence using the word.
names
# Upper Case?
example
Rhyme with speaker?
balloon
# Upper Case?
page
Write a sentence using the word.
fan
Rhyme with screen?
key
Rhyme with sea?
goose
# Upper Case?
print
Write a sentence using the word.
football
# Upper Case?
sidewalk
Write a sentence using the word.
carpet
Rhyme with largest?
List 2
List 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Levels-of-Processing Theory
Why Do We Forget?
Ebbinghauss Forgetting Curve
retrograde
anterograde
retroactive
proactive
_________________
Sensory memories
______________________________
Declarative memory (facts, dates, names)
Memories of emotional significance (amygdala)
1.
2.
3.