Data Collection Methods

1.0 Interviews
2.0 Rating of pupils
works
3.0 Observation
(Checklists)

 Interviews
Definition:
Interview can be defined as the
two-person conversation which
involves asking questions and
getting
answers
from
the
participants
in
a
particular
research study (Chirban,1996).

Interview contains a list of

questions that intended to ask
the participants regarding to the
research of the topic. The
researcher can video-tape or
jotting down the notes during
process of interview session
(Gubrium & Holstein, 2001).

Data Analysis Methods

The questions in the interview
transcripts are analysed after the
end of interview session. Each
question pertaining to the research
topic is being analysed to identify
whether the questions being asked
are able to show the improvement
of using a particular teaching
technique to improve the problems
among four English skills.

 Example:

Question: Did you able to

understand the sequences of the
story through the adding of the
pictures? Yes_____
No_____
Through this question, we are able
to know that most of the pupils were
able to understand the sequence of
the story well if most of the pupils
chose Yes through the interview
session.

Rating of pupils works

Rating of pupils works can be defined
as the rating or evaluations are being
made for the pupils works such as
worksheets during the teaching and
learning process in the classroom to
show
strong
evidences
for
the
improvement regarding to the research
topic (Lay Huah, 2012). Stars, marks or
comments can be given to the pupils
works as the ratings or evaluations.

Data Analysis Methods

Example: The pupils are provided with
the worksheets which contains a list of
questions regarding to the research
topic such as a story together with the
graphic organizer and one question
asking the pupils to predict the ending
of the story. The ratings such as marks
or comments are given to the pupils
performance after finishing marking the
worksheets of the pupils.

Observation (Checklists)
Observation can be defined as the
systematic process of using all senses
to examine the participants in natural
settings or naturally occurring situations
(Lindloff & Taylor, 1995). The
researchers can use notes or checklists
which contains a list of questions to
observe the pupils performance
regarding to the research topic during
teaching and learning process in the
classroom (Atkinson & Hammersley,

 Example: The pupils were seen

interested during the lesson which uses
graphic organizer to improve the pupils
to predict the ending of the story.
Yes
No
Explanation: If there is most of the pupils
ticked Yes, this showed that the most of
the pupils were interested in the lesson
which involved the use of graphic
organizer to improve the predicting skill
among the pupils.

References
Chirban, JT. (1996). Interviewing in depth: The
interactive relational approach. Thousand
Oaks, CA. Sage Publications.
Gubrium, JA, & Holstein, JA. (2001). Handbook of interview
Research: Context and Method. Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage
Publications.
Marshall, Catherine & Rossman, Gretchen B.
(1989). Designing qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA:
Sage.
Lindloff, TR. & Taylor, BC. (1995). Qualitative Communication
Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Atkinson, P. & Hammersley, M. (1994). "Ethnography and
participant
observation." In NK Denzin and YS Lincoln (Eds.) Handbook of
Qualitative Research (pp. 248-261). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publication.