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SOUND THEORY
WEEK 2
RECAP
ACOUSTICS
- is a branch of science that deals with the control and propagation of
sound.
Objectives of acoustics
to reinforce needed sound
to eliminate unwanted sound
to prevent unwanted sound to be transmitted into an enclosed space
SOUND THEORY
What is a
Sound?
SOUND THEORY
What is a
Sound?
SOUND THEORY
Sound is everywhere!
There are:
Airborne sounds: The medium is Air
Structure-borne sounds: The medium is Concrete, steel,
wood, glass and combinations of all these
SOUND THEORY
PROPERTIES OF SOUND
speed of velocity
1125 ft/sec at 20F, the
velocity increases 1ft/sec
for every 10 rise in
temperature (in
Fahrenheit)
where:
v = velocity
F = frequency
d = distance of the
medium through
which the sound
travels
PROPERTIES OF SOUND
frequency
PROPERTIES OF SOUND
frequency
PROPERTIES OF SOUND
molecular absorption
- a sound maybe covered up or absorbed by another
sound. This phenomena is called masking of sound
and this is very useful in acoustics
- the sound masking is usually of lower frequency than
the sound it masks
PROPERTIES OF SOUND
soporific effect
- that effect brought about by a low-steady sound
PROPERTIES OF SOUND
WAVE LENGHT
distance between two crests of a sound
wave
- low frequency sounds have longer
wavelengths than high frequency
sounds. The wavelength is also the
distance traveled by sound in one second
divided by the frequency of the wave
- example:
the wavelength of a 100 cycle wave is a
little of eleven feet long and a five
hundred cycle wave
WL = distance
traveled by sound
wave in one second /
the frequency of the
wave
SOUND THEORY
BEHAVIOR OF SOUND IN A ROOM
When a sound wave in a room strikes a surface in a
room, part of the energy is reflected, part is
absorbed by the surface and part is transmitted
to the surface
SOUND THEORY
REFLECTION OF SOUND ON A SURFACE
A surface that is rigid, flat and smooth usually
reflects sound. The reflection of sound on a surface
follows the behavior of reflected light, meaning that
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection
SOUND THEORY
REFLECTION OF SOUND ON A
SURFACE
A surface that is rigid, flat and
smooth usually reflects sound.
The reflection of sound on a
surface follows the behavior of
reflected light, meaning that the
angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reflection
SOUND THEORY
Geometry of reflected
sound
One characteristic of sound is
that, like light, it can bend
around an obstruction known
as diffraction of sound.
Low frequency sounds are
diffracted more easily than
high frequency sounds
SOUND THEORY
When the wavelength of a sound
is just the same as one of the
rooms dimensions, a standing
wave is created. When a sound
comes from a source
direct or original sound
- from the source and directly
delivered to the hearer
reflected sound
- from all directions of the room
SOUND THEORY
for a sound to be heard by a
listener comfortably, the
reflected sound must come to
him not later than 0.05 of a
second or in terms of
distance, the direct sound and
the path of the reflected sound
should not exceed 57 ft.
VELOCITY
meter per
second
344
1410
3300
3600
3700
4900
5000
5800
At 22C
SPEED OF SOUND
As sound travels much slower than the speed of light,
the resulting defects in many rooms are echoes and
reverberations
When the reflected sound, which reaches an
observer, is delayed more than about 0.058 seconds
relative to the direct sounds, they are distinguished
as echoes. Reverberation consist of successive
reflections of sounds in a room, and since sound
travels only about 1130 ft or 344 m/sec,
RESONANCE
Is what happens to a body
when another vibrating
body vibrates and
initiates. The other body
to vibrate in harmony with
it
Resonance can be useful
to reinforce sounds at
some specific frequencies
RESONANCE
This happens only
however, if the resonating
body or resonator has a
dimension which is a
multiple of the
wavelength of the sound
wave from the originating
body
RESONANCE
Low frequencies have
more resonance than the
high frequencies because
low frequencies have
longer wavelengths and
therefore more multipliers
to the dimensions of the
room than high
frequencies
RESONANCE