Quiz 1- 10 Minutes

Name and briefly explain four components of rig

hoisting system?
Which one can be used for deeper water depth
(Jack up or Semi-sub)? Briefly Explain how semisub works
For a traveling block of 40,000 lbs, 5000 lbf
force in the fast line, and 8 total lines, calculate
force in the deadline?

Drilling Engineering: Drill Stem

Design

Drill string and or drill stem 1.

1. Strength of drill pipe
2. Drill pipe classification
3. Buoyancy
4. Dry and submerged drill pipe
5. Drill string components
6. Capacity and displacement of the drill string
7. Drill pipe selection

Drill string and or drill stem 1.

1. Strength of drill pipe
2. Drill pipe classification
3. Buoyancy
4. Dry and submerged drill pipe
5. Drill string components
6. Capacity and displacement of the drill string
7. Drill pipe selection and design

Stress and strain in Steel

Stress and strain curve
provides
Yield strength
Tensile strength

Stress = Load/Area (psi)

Bulk Stress
overload failures
Point stress
fatigue failures

35000

25000
STRESS (psi)

RUPTURE

TENSILE STRENGTH

30000

YIELD
STRENGTH

Strain = L/L (%)

Elastic strain is temporary
Plastic strain is permanent
Yield strength
The stress level where a plastic
strain starts to occur

20000

DUCTILITY
15000

10000

5000

0
0

0.02

0.04
STRAIN (%)

0.06

0.08

Tensile strength
The stress level where the
material brakes

Stress and strain in Steel

Stress and strain
are determined by applied
tensile load and measuring
deformation.

Ductility
Is the amount of plastic strain the
steel can withstand without
breaking
Ductility is good

35000

25000
STRESS (psi)

RUPTURE

TENSILE STRENGTH

30000

YIELD
STRENGTH

20000

DUCTILITY
15000

10000

5000

0
0

0.02

0.04
STRAIN (%)

0.06

0.08

Drill stem design limit

Drill string is designed to limit
stresses to yield strength
A design factor is applied to the
yield strength to ensure the
operating stresses are less than
the yield stress.

Drill pipe failures

Overload tensile failure
The stress in the drill pipe exceeds the yield
strength in the weakest point in the component
Can be either the drill pipe or the connection
Torsional failure
Twist of the drill string or loosened connections
due to high torque loads.
Buckling
Bending stresses in the drill pipe caused by
compressional stresses
Fatigue failure
Driven by point stress at any location. It is not
possible to quantify point stresses in the drill
string. Fatigue failure occur below yield stress.
Frequent inspections of DP prevents
fatigue failure.

How do we
know when
drill pipe has
failed?

Drill string and or drill stem 1.

1. Strength of drill pipe
2. Drill pipe classification
3. Buoyancy
4. Dry and submerged drill pipe
5. Drill string components
6. Capacity and displacement of the drill string
7. Drill pipe selection

Drill Pipe

Drill pipe classification

Classification

Exampl
e

Explanation

Nominal size

5-inch

Outer diameter (OD) of tube

Nominal
weight

19.5

Weight in lb/foot (NB! you

also need to now the actual
weight per foot)

Grade

S135

Metallic properties

Upset type

IEU

Internal-external upset

Connection

N-50

Connection type

Range

+- 31 feet long

Connection types
Connections have
either less or
equal tensile strength
as the drill pipe.

Pin
Box

Some common drill pipes

Name

Yield strength

Calculate maximum load*

E75

75,000 psi

New pipe

X95

95,000 psi

DPload = Yield (psi) * (OD2 ID2)

4

Premium class pipe

G105

105,000 psi

S135

135,000 psi

Class 2 pipe

Z140

140,000 psi

DPload = Yield (psi) * (OD2 ID2) *68%

4

V150

150,000 psi

DPload = Yield (psi) * (OD2 ID2) *78%

4

Drill string and or drill stem 1.

1. Strength of drill pipe
2. Drill pipe classification
3. Buoyancy
4. Dry and submerged drill pipe
5. Drill string components
6. Capacity and displacement of the drill string
7. Drill pipe selection

Fluid Statics
Basic Principles:
When fluid is at rest pressure is the only
force acting
What are the forces acting on the
block?

Forces Acting on a Fluid Element

p
A
d
p
A

D
A
F

D
w
vA

Forces Acting on a Fluid Element

F1 =

F2 =

F3 =

FWV = Specific Weight of the

fluid

F1- Force from fluid above

F2-Force from fluid below
F3-Force from weight of fluid

d
p
F0
pAd
p

D
A

w
v
FwvdD
Pressures in a fluid column

At rest,

F=0

0 = F 1 + F2 + F 3

d[pFw0vw
dF
D
whveD
pn00]
Incompressible Fluids

Integrating,

pFwvD
Calculating density

P = pressure measured in pounds

per square inch = lb/in2 = psi
D = Depth in feet

Fwv Weight in psi/ft

psi/ft = lb/(in2 * ft)

pp00..55p202.D
5D
2D
{pspig0,lbm
/aft}
p0

Incompressible fluids

If p0 = 0 (The case except during

cementing procedures)

then,

well control or

What is the pressure at the bottom of a

well?
1. 10,000 ft well, mudweight 12 lb/gal
= 6240 psi

2. 10,000 ft well, mudweight 0.624

psi/ft
= 6240 psi

3. 10,000 ft well, mudweight 89.7 lb/ft3

= 6240 psi

Buoyancy Force = weight of fluid displaced

(Archimedes, 250 BC)

Hydraulic forces acting on a foreign body

F
e
b

V
f
W
s
W
e

f
1
s
W

Effective (buoyed) Weight

Buoyancy Factor

Valid for a solid body or an open-ended pipe!

.1.
lsf (16f5.b0m

6
5
/10ga71al)
s
Example

For steel,

immersed in mud,

the buoyancy factor is:

A drillstring weighs 100,000 lbs in air.

Buoyed weight = 100,000 * 0.771 = 77,100 lbs

Drill string and or drill stem 1.

1. Strength of drill pipe
2. Drill pipe classification
3. Buoyancy
4. Dry and submerged drill pipe
5. Drill string components
6. Capacity and displacement of the drill string
7. Drill pipe selection

Example L3-1
Hook load
A. What is the hook load of a 8000ft and
20.5 lb/ft drill pipe in an empty hole?
(Hook load = Weight of the drill string)
B. Plot the vertical force in the drill string as
a function of depth.
C. What is the hook load of a 8000ft and
20.5 lb/ft drill pipe in an hole filled with 15
lb/gal mud.
D. Plot the vertical force of the submerged
drill string as a function of depth.

Outer Diameter = 5.25 in

Inner Diameter = 4.25 in

EL3-1a,b Hook load and stress in empty

hole
a) HL = - Wdp (Newtons 2nd law (sum of F = 0)
Hook
load

b) Wdp = 20.5 lbf/ft * 8,000 ft = 164,000 lbf

Weight

Drillpipe weight = 20.5 lbf/ft

Depth = 8,000 ft

164,000 lbf

DEPTH, ft

0 lbf

8000ft

AXIAL TENSION, lbf

EL3-1C Submerged hook load

Drillpipe weight = 20.5 lbf/ft depth = 8,000 ft
Hook load
Newtons 2nd law (sum of F = 0)
HL = Wdp - Ff
Ff = Pfluid * Adp Ff =6,240 * 7.46 = 46,550 lbf
Weight
OD = 5.25 in

A OD 2 ID 2
ID = 4.25 in
4

A = 7.46 in2

Pfluid = 0.052 * 15lb/gal * 8,000 ft = 6,240 psi

Fluid force
A = 7.46 in2

EL3- D Stresses in submerged drill

pipe
Hook load

HL = Wdp Ff = 164,000lbf 117,450 lbf

Weight

117,450

164,000 lbf

DEPTH, ft

- 46,550

AXIAL TENSION, lbf

A = 7.46 in2

Neutral point

Axial Forces in Drillstring

Fb = bit weight

F
W
F
w
p2A
-F
T
2
2b
dcx
b
Anywhere in the Drill Collars:

Axial Tension = Wt. - Pressure Force - Bit Wt.

tF
A
rT
D
iW
lw
:1dp
P
(x2W
p
e
{
cF
)21
a
b
o
v
e
}
F
2
b
p1(A

F
2
1)p
2A
b
Anywhere in the Drill Pipe:

Axial Tension = Wts. - Pressure Forces - Bit Wt.

FT

Example L3-2 Forces in drill string

calculations
Hook load

Drill pipe

A. What is the hook load of a 8600ft drill

string in an empty hole which consists
of:
- Drill pipe: 8000 ft and 20.5 lb/ft, ID
4.25 OD 5.25
- Drill collars: 600ft, 136lb/ft, ID 3, OD
7
B. Plot the vertical force in the drill string
as a function of depth.

Drill collar
C. What is the hook load of the drill pipe in
an hole filled with 15 lb/gal mud.
D. Plot the vertical force of the submerged
drill string as a function of depth.

EL3-2a Hook load Empty Wellbore

Hook load
Newtons 2nd law (sum of F = 0)
HL = Wdp + Wdc
Drill pipe

Wdp

Wdp = 20.5 lbf/ft * 8,000 ft = 164,000 lbf

Wdc = 136 lbf/ft * 600 ft = 81,600 lbf

Drill collar

HL = 164,000 + 81,600 = 245,600 lbf

Wdc

EL32-B Empty wellbore

Hook load

86,100 lbf

Wdp

Wdc

DEPTH, ft

AXIAL TENSION, lbf

245,600 lbf

EL3-2C Hook load borehole filled with mud

Hook load

Drill pipe

Newtons 2nd law

(sum of F = 0)
HL = Wdp + Wdc-F1+F2
Wdp

F1 = P8,600 * Adc
Pfluid = 0.052 * 15 ppg * 8,600 ft= 6,708 psi.

F2
A

Drill collar

OD2 ID 2
4

2 2

7 3 = 31.4in2
4

Wdc
F1 =6,708 psi * 31.4in2 = 210,631 lbf
F1

EL3-2C Hook load borehole filled with mud

Hook load

Drill pipe

Newtons 1nd law

(sum of F = 0)
HL = Wdp + Wdc-F1+F2
Wdp

F2 = P8,000 * (Adc-Adp )
Pfluid = 0.052 * 15 ppg * 8,000 ft= 6,240 psi.

F2
Drill collar

Adp

OD 2 ID 2 5.252 4.252 =7.46 in2

4
4

Adc-Adp =31.4 7.46 = 23.9in2

Wdc
F2 =6,240 psi * 23,9in2 = 149,386 lbf
F1

EL3-2C Hook load borehole filled with mud

Hook load

Drill pipe

Wdp

F2
Drill collar
Wdc
F1

Newtons 2nd law

(sum of F = 0)
HL = Wdp + Wdc-F1+F2
HL = 164,000 lbf + 81,600 lbf
210,631 lbf + 149,386 lbf
= 184,355 lbf

EL3-2D borehole filled with mud

1. At DC bottom -F1 = - 210,631 lbf

[compression]

Wdp

F2
Wdc

2. At DC top -F1+ Wdc = -126,348 lbf

[compression]
3. At DP bottom Wdc-F1+ F2 = +20,292 lbf
[tension]
4. At Surface Wdp+Wdc-F1+ F2
= + 184,355 lbf [tension]

F1

EL3-2D borehole filled with mud

- 210,631 lbf -126,348 lbf 0
AXIAL
COMPRESSION, lbf

20,192 lbf

DEPTH, ft

AXIAL
TENSION, lbf

184,355 lbf