MALE

Reproductive System
The reproductive
system or genital
system is a system of sex organs within
an organism which work together for the
purpose of reproduction.
The reproductive system is a collection
of internal and external organs in
both males and females that work
together for the purpose of procreating.

TESTOSTERONE

 In men, testosterone plays a key role in

the development of male reproductive
tissues such as the testes and prostate
as well as promoting secondary sexual
characteristics.
In addition, testosterone is essential
for health and well-being as well as the
prevention of osteoporosis.

EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE
Enlargement of sebaceous glands. This
might cause acne.
Penis enlargement
Increased libido and
frequency
of
erection.
Pubic hair extends to thighs and up
toward umbilicus
Facial hair (sideburns, beard, mustache
)

 Loss of scalp hair

(Androgenetic
alopecia)
Chest hair, periareolar
hair, perianal hair
Leg hair, armpit hair
Subcutaneous fat in
face decreases
Increased
muscle
strength and mass

 Deepening of voice
Growth of the Adam's apple
Growth
of spermatogenic
tissue in testicles, male
fertility
Growth of jaw, brow, chin,
nose, and remodeling of
facial bone contours, in
conjunction
with
human growth hormone

 Shoulders become broader

and rib cage expands
Completion of bone maturation
and termination of growth.
Mental:
More
aggressive,
active attitude. Interest in sex
develops.
Skin:
Sebaceous
gland
secretion
thickens
and
increases (predisposing to
acne)

 The testes (singular: testis), commonly

known as the testicles, are a pair of
ovoid glandular organs.
The testes are responsible for the
production of sperm cells and the male
sex hormone testosterone.
The testes produce as many as 12
trillion sperm in a male's lifetime, about
400 million of which are released in a
single ejaculation.

TESTES
The testes are connected to the
vital organs of the ventral body
cavity via the spermatic cords
Nerves, blood vessels, and
lymphatic vessels travel
through the spermatic cords to
support the testes.

 Testicles are male sex gland, this

responsible for the production of
sperm and testosterone.
The testes are ellipsoid glandular
organs around 1.5 to 2 inches long
and an inch in diameter.
They are the counterpart to the
female ovary.
Almost all healthy male vertebrates
have two testicles.
In healthy European adult humans,
average testicular volume is 18 cm
per testis, with normal size ranging
from 12 cm to 30 cm.

SCROTUM

 The scrotum (or scrotal sac) is a part

of the external male genitalia located
behind and underneath the penis. It is
the small, muscular sac that contains
and protects the testicles, blood
vessels, and part of the spermatic
cord.

 The scrotum protects the testicles from

temperature changes.
The cremaster muscle contracts when
the scrotum is exposed to cold
temperatures, pulling the scrotum
closer to the body for warmth.
When exposed to heat, the cremaster
muscle relaxes, enabling the scrotum
hang lower and further away from the
body. This allows the scrotum to cool.

Vas Derefens
The vas deferens (Latin: "carryingaway vessel"; plural: vasa deferentia),
also called ductus deferens (Latin:
"carrying-away duct"; plural: ductus
deferentes), is part of the male
reproductive system of
many
vertebrates.

 is a tiny muscular tube in the male

reproductive system that carries
sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory duct.
There is a pair of these ducts in the
male body, with one duct carrying
sperm from each testis to the left and
right ejaculatory ducts.
The ductus deferens is a thin tubule
less than inch (5 mm) in diameter,
but more than one foot (30 cm) long.

The ductus deferens serves dual

functions in the male reproductive
system:
Transporting sperm from the testes
to the ejaculatory duct and urethra
Sperm passing through the ductus
deferens is not yet motile, or able to
swim, and thus must be transported
via peristalsis.

Ejaculatory duct
Each ejaculatory duct is about
two centimeters in length and is
created
when
the
seminal
vesicle's duct merges with the vas
deferens. At this point, these
ducts travel through the prostate
and, at its far end, drain into the
colliculus seminalis's urethra.

Urethra
The urethra is a thin, fibromuscular tube that
begins at the lower opening of the bladder and
extends through the pelvic and urogenital
diaphragms to the outside of the body, called
the external urethral orifice.
The urethra also connects the to the ductus
deferens in males, for the ejaculation of
sperm. There is a sphincter at the upper end
of the urethra, which serves to close the
passage and keep the urine inside the
bladder.

 As the passage needs to traverse

the length of the penis, it is
significantly longer in males than
females. It is approximately 4 cm
in length for females, whereas it is
about 20 cm in the male body.
The urethra provides an exit for
urine as well as semen during
ejaculation.

Seminal Vesicles

 The seminal vesicles are a pair of

glands that are positioned below the
urinary bladder and lateral to the
vas deferens.
Each vesicle consists of a single tube
folded and coiled on itself,
Each
seminal
vesicle
spans
approximately 5 cm, though its full
unfolded length is approximately
10 cm, but it is curled up inside the
gland's structure.

 The seminal gland, more commonly

referred to as the seminal vesicle, holds
the liquid that mixes with sperm to form
semen.
Semen combines fluid elements from the
epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland,
and vas deferens.
This gland releases a fluid rich in sugars
(especially fructose), which feeds the sperm.
The fluid also has clotting properties that
make the semen sticky. This ensures that
the semen clings inside the vagina long
enough for the sperm to travel to the egg.

Prostate

 The prostate is a walnut-sized gland

located between the bladder and the
penis. The prostate is just in front of
the rectum.
The prostate secretes fluid that
nourishes and protects sperm.
During ejaculation, the prostate
squeezes this fluid into the urethra,
and its expelled with sperm as
semen

 The bulbourethral glands are part of the

male reproductive system. They may also
be referred to as the Cowper's
glands since they were first documented
by anatomist William Cowper in the late
1600s.
The paired bulbourethral glands are
roughly the size of a pea and are located
in the deep perineal pouch. They are at the
base of the penis and are lateral (to the
side) and posterior to (behind) the urethra,
which is the tube through which semen
and urine exit the body.

 When sexually aroused, the Cowpers

glands begin producing an alkaline
mucous secretion known as preejaculate.
The pre-ejaculate fluid is a viscous,
clear, and salty liquid that neutralizes
any residual acidity in the urethra.
Pre-ejaculate neutralizes acidic urine
that may still be present in the urethra
while also lubricating the urethra and
external urethral orifice to protect
sperm from mechanical damage
during ejaculation.

Penis

Parts
Root of the penis, It is the attached part,
consisting of the bulb of penis in the middle and
the crus of penis, one on either side of the bulb. It
lies within the superficial perinea pouch.
Body of the penis (corpus): It has two surfaces:
dorsal (posterosuperior in the erect penis), and
ventral or urethral (facing downwards and
backwards in the flaccid penis).
Epithelium of the penis consists of the shaft skin,
the foreskin, and the preputial mucosa on the
inside of the foreskin and covering the glans penis.
The epithelium is not attached to the underlying
shaft so it is free to glide to and fro

 The human penis is made up of three

columns of tissue: two corpora cavernosa
lie next to each other on the dorsal side
and one corpus spongiosum lies between
them on the ventral side.

 The human penis differs from

those of most other mammals,
as
it
has
no baculum,
or erectile bone, and instead
relies entirely on engorgement
with blood to reach its
erect state.

Semen

 Semen, also known as seminal

fluid, is an organic fluid that may
contain spermatozoa.
It
is
secreted by the gonads (sexual
glands) and other sexual organs
of male or hermaphroditic animals
and can fertilize female ova.

 In humans, seminal fluid contains several

components besides spermatozoa:
proteolytic and other enzymes as well as
fructose are elements of seminal fluid
which promote the survival of
spermatozoa, and provide a medium
through which they can move or "swim".
Semen is produced and originates from
the seminal vesicle, which is located in the
pelvis. The process that results in the
discharge of semen is called ejaculation.

 Ejaculation is the discharge

of semen (usually carrying sperm) from
the male reproductory tract.
It is usually the final stage and natural
objective of male sexual stimulation, and an
essential component of natural conception.
In rare cases, ejaculation occurs because
of prostatic disease.
Ejaculation may also occur spontaneously
during sleep (a nocturnal emission or "wet
dream").

 Anejaculation is the
condition of being unable
to ejaculate.
Dysejaculation is
ejaculation that is painful
or uncomfortable.